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arXiv:quant-ph/0412114 · Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics

Pathwise solution of a class of stochastic master equations

Indra Kurniawan, M. R. James

Published Aug 23, 2005• 2 citations
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Abstract

In this paper we consider an alternative formulation of a class of stochastic wave and master equations with scalar noise that are used in quantum optics for modelling open systems and continuously monitored systems. The reformulation is obtained by applying J.M.C. Clark's pathwise reformulation technique from the theory of classical nonlinear filtering. The pathwise versions of the stochastic wave and master equations are defined for all driving paths and depend continuously on them. In the case of white noise equations, we derive analogs of Clark's robust approximations. The results in this paper may be useful for implementing filters for the continuous monitoring and measurement feedback control of quantum systems, and for developing new types of numerical methods for unravelling master equations. The main ideas are illustrated by an example.

DOI
10.1088/1464-4266/7/9/010

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In this paper we consider an alternative formulation of a class of stochastic wave and master equations with scalar noise that are used in quantum optics for modelling open systems and continuously monitored systems. The reformulation is obtained by applying J.M.C. Clark's pathwise reformulation technique from the theory of classical nonlinear filtering. The pathwise versions of the stochastic wave and master equations are defined for all driving paths and depend continuously on them. In the case of white noise equations, we derive analogs of Clark's robust approximations. The results in this paper may be useful for implementing filters for the continuous monitoring and measurement feedback control of quantum systems, and for developing new types of numerical methods for unravelling master equations. The main ideas are illustrated by an example.
In this paper we consider an alternative formulation of a class of stochastic wave and master equations with scalar noise that are used in quantum optics for modelling open systems and continuously monitored systems. The reformulation is obtained by applying J.M.C. Clark's pathwise reformulation technique from the theory of classical nonlinear filtering. The pathwise versions of the stochastic wave and master equations are defined for all driving paths and depend continuously on them. In the case of white noise equations, we derive analogs of Clark's robust approximations. The results in this paper may be useful for implementing filters for the continuous monitoring and measurement feedback control of quantum systems, and for developing new types of numerical methods for unravelling master equations. The main ideas are illustrated by an example.
We present filtering equations for a class of hybrid quantum-classical systems where a quantum optical cavity system is continuously disturbed by a classical linear stochastic process. Another quantum cavity system is employed to describe the classical stochastic process as an analog. The initial hybrid quantum-classical system consisting of both a classical signal and a quantum cavity system is then modeled by a combined quantum system with two quantum cavity systems. The stochastic master equations, or filtering equations, are then derived using quantum filtering theory. A quantum extended Kalman filter method is adopted as a convenient solution to this filtering problem. The effectiveness of both methods is illustrated by numerical examples.
The aim of this paper is to determine quantum master and filter equations for systems coupled to continuous-mode single photon fields. The system and field are described using a quantum stochastic unitary model, where the continuous-mode single photon state for the field is determined by a wavepacket pulse shape. The master equation is derived from this model and is given in terms of a system of coupled equations. The output field carries information about the system from the scattered photon, and is continuously monitored. The quantum filter is determined with the aid of an embedding of the system into a larger system, and is given by a system of coupled stochastic differential equations. An example is provided to illustrate the main results.
Abstract — The aim of this paper is to determine quantum master and filter equations for systems coupled to continuous-mode single photon fields. The system and field are de-scribed using a quantum stochastic unitary model, where the continuous-mode single photon state for the field is determined by a wavepacket pulse shape. The master equation is derived from this model and is given in terms of a system of coupled equations. The output field carries information about the system from the scattered photon, and is continuously monitored. The quantum filter is determined with the aid of an embedding of the system into a larger system, and is given by a system of coupled stochastic differential equations. An example is provided to illustrate the main results. I.
The master equation of the quantum noise theory is derived by means of Feynman's path integral method. We propose an equivalent s ochastic process where the wavefunction satisfies a nonlinear SchrOdinger equation except for random moments at which it shows orthogonal jumps. Since the early works [ 1-3] on the theory of quantum noise, great interest has been shown in quantum-me-chanical systems affected by random external forces and also new aspects have appeared [4-6]. Usually, the quan-tum state of such systems i described by a density operator obeying a deterministic differential equation (master equation). If we attribute a state vector (instead of the density operator) to the given system, then the state vector should be considered as a stochastic variable governed by a certain stochastic process. In the first part of our work we derive the master equation for the density operator by a seemingly new applica-tion of the path integral technique. Then, we construct a stochastic process for the wavefunction of the system, while retaining its equivalence with the density operator formalism. In the final part we shortly discuss favoured features of the above stochastic process proposed for the wavefunction. This work is an anticipation of a more general and lengthy explanation of the stochastic properties of the wave-function in the presence of random forces. Now, we are going to introduce the notion of stochastic potential of white-noise type. Here we shall investigate the effect of gaussian white-noise potentials. For brevity, we restrict ourselves to the case of a single point.like par-ticle moving in one dimension. Let us assume that the potential V(x, t) acting on the particle is a stochastic variable (x, t stand for the coordi-nate and time). We define the probability distribution of V by the following generator functional G [h]: