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arXiv:quant-ph/0412057 · Physical Review A

Generation of a superposition of multiple mesoscopic states of radiation in a resonant cavity

Pradyumna K. Pathak, G. S. Agarwal

Published Apr 27, 2005• 43 citations
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Abstract

Using resonant interaction between atoms and the field in a high-quality cavity, we show how to generate a superposition of many mesoscopic states of the field. We study the quasiprobability distributions and demonstrate the nonclassicality of the superposition in terms of the zeros of the $Q$ function as well as the negativity of the Wigner function. We discuss the decoherence of the generated superposition state. We propose homodyne techniques of the type developed by [Auffeves et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 230405 (2003)] to monitor the superposition of many mesoscopic states.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.71.043823

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Comment on “Generation of a superposition of coherent states in a resonant cavity and its nonclassicality and decoherence”

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Canadian Journal of Physics•Sep 29, 2014•0 citations
Using resonant interaction between atoms and the field in a high-quality cavity, we show how to generate a superposition of many mesoscopic states of the field. We study the quasiprobability distributions and demonstrate the nonclassicality of the superposition in terms of the zeros of the QQQ function as well as the negativity of the Wigner function. We discuss the decoherence of the generated superposition state. We propose homodyne techniques of the type developed by [Auffeves et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 230405 (2003)] to monitor the superposition of many mesoscopic states.
We present a simple scheme for the fast and efficient generation of quantum superpositions of two coherent fields with different classical amplitudes in a cavity. It relies on the simultaneous interaction of two two-level systems with the field. Their final detection with a high probability in the proper state projects the field onto the desired mesoscopic field state superposition. We show that the scheme is notably more efficient than those using a single atom. We discuss the method in the context of microwave cavity quantum electrodynamics, but it is also highly relevant for the thriving field of circuit QED. It may lead to interesting experimental studies of decoherence at the quantum-classical boundary.
A model is presented to describe the recently proposed experiment [J. Raimond, M. Brune, and S. Haroche, Phys. Rev. Lett 79, 1964 (1997)] in which a mesoscopic superposition of radiation states is prepared in a high-Q cavity that is coupled to a similar resonator. The dynamical coherence loss of such a state in the absence of dissipation is reversible and can be observed in principle. We show how this picture is modified due to the presence of the environmental couplings. Analytical expressions for the experimental conditional probabilities and the linear entropy are given. We conclude that the phenomenon can still be observed provided the ratio between the damping constant and the intercavities coupling does not exceed about a few percent. This observation is favored for superpositions of states with a large overlap.
Quite recently quantum features exhibited by a mesoscopic field interacting with a single Rydberg atom in a microwave cavity has been observed [A. Auffeves et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 230405 (2003)]. In this paper we theoretically analyze all the phases of this articulated experiment considering from the very beginning cavity losses. Fully applying the theory of quantum open systems, our modelization succeeds in predicting fine aspects of the measured quantity, reaching qualitative and quantitative good agreement with the experimental results. This fact validates our theoretical approach based on the fundamental atom-cavity interaction model and simple mathematical structure of dissipative superoperators.
We propose measurement-based conditional generation of the superposition of mesoscopic states of a nanomechanical resonator. We consider a two-level quantum mechanical system (qubit) coupled with a nanomechanical resonator through phonon exchange. An interaction, which produces shifts in the state of the nanomechanical resonator depending on the state of the qubit, is realized by driving the qubit through two resonant fields or a single field with controlled phase. The measurement of the state of the qubit produces superposition states of the nanomechanical resonator. We show that the quantum interference between the generated states in the superposition may lead to an arbitrary large displacement in the resonator. We also discuss decoherence of the generated states using the Wigner function.
We study mesoscopic superpositions of two component Bose-Einstein condensates. Atomic condensates, with long coherence times, are good systems in which to study such quantum phenomena. We show that the mesoscopic superposition states can be rapidly generated in which the atoms dispersively interact with the photon field in a cavity. We also discuss the production of compass states which are macroscopic quantum superposition states. The physical realization of mesoscopic states is important in studying decoherence and precision measurement.