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Physical Review A

Scheme for efficient generation of mesoscopic field-state superposition in cavity QED

Carla Hermann-Avigliano, Nataly Cisternas, M. Brune, J. M. Raimond, C. Saavedra

Published Jan 8, 2015• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a simple scheme for the fast and efficient generation of quantum superpositions of two coherent fields with different classical amplitudes in a cavity. It relies on the simultaneous interaction of two two-level systems with the field. Their final detection with a high probability in the proper state projects the field onto the desired mesoscopic field state superposition. We show that the scheme is notably more efficient than those using a single atom. We discuss the method in the context of microwave cavity quantum electrodynamics, but it is also highly relevant for the thriving field of circuit QED. It may lead to interesting experimental studies of decoherence at the quantum-classical boundary.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.91.013815

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We present a simple scheme for the fast and efficient generation of quantum superpositions of two coherent fields with different classical amplitudes in a cavity. It relies on the simultaneous interaction of two two-level systems with the field. Their final detection with a high probability in the proper state projects the field onto the desired mesoscopic field state superposition. We show that the scheme is notably more efficient than those using a single atom. We discuss the method in the context of microwave cavity quantum electrodynamics, but it is also highly relevant for the thriving field of circuit QED. It may lead to interesting experimental studies of decoherence at the quantum-classical boundary.
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A scheme is proposed for generating the superpositions of several coherent states in a cavity field with dispersive cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). In the scheme, a sequence of atoms interacts dispersively with the cavity field, connected with a microwave source, and is manipulated by classical fields, followed by state-selective measurements. In this way, the cavity field is collapsed onto a superposition of several coherent states along a straight line with controllable coefficients. This scheme provides the possibility for quantum state engineering via coherent-state superpositions in cavity QED for the first time.
A potential scheme is proposed to generate complete sets of entangled photons in the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). The scheme includes twice interactions of atoms with cavities, in which the first interaction is made in two-mode optical cavities and the second one exists in a microwave cavity. In the optical cavities the atoms are resonant with the cavity modes, while the detuned interaction of the atoms with a single-mode of the microwave cavity is driven by a classical field. We show that our scheme is carried out with higher efficiency than previeous schemes, and is close to the reach of current technique.
We propose a scheme to generate superposition and entanglement between the mesoscopic squeezed vacuum states by considering the two-photon interaction of NNN two-level atoms in a cavity with high quality factor, assisted by a strong driving field. By virtue of specific choices of the cavity detuning, a number of multiparty entangled states can be prepared, including the entanglement between the atomic and the squeezed vacuum cavity states and between the squeezed vacuum states and the coherent states of the cavities. We also present how to prepare entangled states and ``Schr\"odinger cats'' states regarding the squeezed vacuum states of the cavity modes. The possible extension and application of our scheme are discussed. Our scheme is close to the reach with current cavity QED techniques.
An alternative scheme is proposed for preparing the superpositions of coherent states with controllable weighting factors along a straight line for a cavity field. The scheme is based on the interaction of a single-mode cavity field with a resonant two-level atom driven by a strong classical field. It is in contrast to the previous methods used in cavity QED of injecting a coherent state into a cavity via a microwave source. In the scheme, the interaction between the cavity mode and atoms is fully resonant, thus the required interaction time is greatly shortened. Moreover, the present scheme requires smaller numbers of operations. In view of decoherence, a reduction of interaction time and numbers of operations for the state preparation is very important for experimental implementation of quantum state engineering.
The simple resonant Rabi oscillation of a two-level system in a single-mode coherent field reveals complex features at the mesoscopic scale, with oscillation collapses and revivals. Using slow circular Rydberg atoms interacting with a superconducting microwave cavity, we explore this phenomenon in an unprecedented range of interaction times and photon numbers. We demonstrate the efficient production of cat states, which are the quantum superposition of coherent components with nearly opposite phases and sizes in the range of few tens of photons. We measure cuts of their Wigner functions revealing their quantum coherence and observe their fast decoherence. This experiment opens promising perspectives for the rapid generation and manipulation of nonclassical states in cavity and circuit quantum electrodynamics.