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arXiv:quant-ph/0406148

Experimental realization of hyper-entangled two-photon states

Cinelli, C., Marco Barbieri, F. De Martini, Paolo Mataloni

Published Jun 21, 2004• 1 citation
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Abstract

We report on the the experimental realization of hyper-entangled two photon states, entangled in polarization and momentum. These states are produced by a high brilliance parametric source of entangled photon pairs with peculiar characteristics of flexibility in terms of state generation. The quality of the entanglement in the two degrees of freedom has been tested by multimode Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0406148

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We report on the the experimental realization of hyper-entangled two photon states, entangled in polarization and momentum. These states are produced by a high brilliance parametric source of entangled photon pairs with peculiar characteristics of flexibility in terms of state generation. The quality of the entanglement in the two degrees of freedom has been tested by multimode Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry.
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Abstract A parametric source of polarization entangled photon pairs with peculiar spatial characteristics allows to generate any kind of bi‐partite entangled states with tunable dgree of entanglement and mixedness. In particular, maximally entangled mixed states (MEMS) have been created in a reliable way by a “patchwork” technique and investigated by quantum tomography. By the same source, momentum‐polarization hyper‐entangled two‐photon states have been synthesized. The quality of the entanglement in the two degrees of freedom has been tested by multimode Hong‐Ou‐Mandel interferometry.
We experimentally demonstrate the first quantum system entangled in every degree of freedom (hyper-entangled). Using pairs of photons produced in spontaneous parametric downconversion, we verify entanglement by observing a Bell-type inequality violation in each degree of freedom: polarization, spatial mode and time-energy. We also produce and characterize maximally hyper-entangled states and novel states simultaneously exhibiting both quantum and classical correlations. Finally, we report the tomography of a 2x2x3x3 system (36-dimensional Hilbert space), which we believe is the first reported entangled system of this size to be so characterized.
A parametric source of polarization-entangled photon pairs with striking spatial characteristics is reported. The distribution of the output electromagnetic k\mathbf{k}k modes excited by spontaneous parametric down-conversion and coupled to the output detectors can be very broad. Using these states realized over a full entanglement ring output distribution, the nonlocal properties of the generated entanglement have been tested by standard Bell measurements and by Ou-Mandel interferometry. A ``mode-patchwork'' technique based on the quantum superposition principle is adopted to synthesize in a straightforward and reliable way any kind of mixed state, of large conceptual and technological interest in modern quantum information. Tunable Werner states and maximally entangled mixed states have indeed been created by this technique and investigated by quantum tomography. A study of the entropic and nonlocal properties of these states has been undertaken experimentally and theoretically, by a unifying variational approach.
Entangled states are key ingredients to the new field of quantum information, including quantum dense coding, teleportation, and computation. However, only a relatively small class of entangled states has been investigated experimentally, or even discussed extensively. In particular, efforts to date have focused on two particles entangled in a single degree of freedom, for example polarization, or energy, or momentum direction. Novel phase-matching arrangements in spontaneous parametric down-conversion allow the preparation of pairs of photons that are simultaneously entangled in all of these. We shall call such a multiply-entangled state ‚hyper-entangled‘. In addition, an even more general state–-a non-maximally entangled state–-should be realizable, in which the amplitudes of the contributing terms are not equal.