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arXiv:quant-ph/0404008 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Qualitative aspects of entanglement in the Jaynes–Cummings model with an external quantum field

Marcelo A. Marchiolli, Ricardo J Missori, José A Roversi

Published Nov 26, 2003• 13 citations
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Abstract

We present a mathematical procedure which leads us to obtain analytical solutions for the atomic inversion and Wigner function in the framework of the Jaynes–Cummings model with an external quantum field, for any kind of cavity and driving fields. Such solutions are expressed in the integral form, with their integrands having a common term that describes the product of the Glauber–Sudarshan quasiprobability distribution functions for each field, and a kernel responsible for the entanglement. Considering two specific initial states of the tripartite system, the formalism is then applied to calculate the atomic inversion and Wigner function where, in particular, we show how the detuning and amplitude of the driving field modify the entanglement. In addition, we also obtain the correct quantum-mechanical marginal distributions in phase space.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/36/49/010

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We present a mathematical procedure which leads us to obtain analytical solutions for the atomic inversion and Wigner function in the framework of the Jaynes–Cummings model with an external quantum field, for any kind of cavity and driving fields. Such solutions are expressed in the integral form, with their integrands having a common term that describes the product of the Glauber–Sudarshan quasiprobability distribution functions for each field, and a kernel responsible for the entanglement. Considering two specific initial states of the tripartite system, the formalism is then applied to calculate the atomic inversion and Wigner function where, in particular, we show how the detuning and amplitude of the driving field modify the entanglement. In addition, we also obtain the correct quantum-mechanical marginal distributions in phase space.
We present a mathematical procedure which leads us to obtain analytical solutions for the atomic inversion and Wigner function in the framework of the Jaynes-Cummings model with an external quantum field, for any kinds of cavity and driving fields. Such solutions are expressed in the integral form, with their integrands having a commom term that describes the product of the Glauber-Sudarshan quasiprobability distribution functions for each field, and a kernel responsible for the entanglement. Considering two specific initial states of the tripartite system, the formalism is then applied to calculate the atomic inversion and Wigner function where, in particular, we show how the detuning and amplitude of the driving field modify the entanglement. In addition, we also obtain the correct
Adopting the framework of the Jaynes–Cummings model with an external quantum field, we obtain exact analytical expressions of the normally ordered moments for any kind of cavity and driving fields. Such analytical results are expressed in the integral form, with their integrands having a commom term that describes the product of the Glauber–Sudarshan quasiprobability distribution functions for each field, and a kernel responsible for the entanglement. Considering a specific initial state of the tripartite system, the normally ordered moments are then applied to investigate not only the squeezing effect and the nonlocal correlation measure based on the total variance of a pair of Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen type operators for continuous variable systems, but also the Shchukin–Vogel criterion. This kind of numerical investigation constitutes the first quantitative characterization of the entanglement properties for the driven Jaynes–Cummings model.
Adopting the framework of the Jaynes-Cummings model with an external quantum field, we obtain exact analytical expressions of the normally ordered moments for any kind of cavity and driving fields. Such analytical results are expressed in the integral form, with their integrands having a commom term that describes the product of the Glauber-Sudarshan quasiprobability distribution functions for each field, and a kernel responsible for the entanglement. Considering a specific initial state of the tripartite system, the normally ordered moments are then applied to investigate not only the squeezing effect and the nonlocal correlation measure based on the total variance of a pair of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen type operators for continuous variable systems, but also the Shchukin-Vogel criterion. This kind of numerical investigation constitutes the first quantitative characterization of the entanglement properties for the driven Jaynes-Cummings model.
In this paper, we consider a unified approach to study the degree of entanglement of two-level systems interacting with a quantized electromagnetic field. We investigate a range of parameters in a generalized Jaynes–Cummings model (JC-model) with intensity-dependent, field nonlinearity and nonresonant coupling. In terms of the density matrix and without the diagonal approximation we derive an explicit expression for the entanglement degree using a function analogous to mutual entropy. This notion is inspired by the fact that the quantum state may be interpreted as a measure of information. With the aid of the quasiprobability distribution function, the statistical properties of the field are analyzed. It is shown that when the atom is initially in its upper-level and the one-photon at resonance, the Q-function splits into two peaks and counter rotate in phase space.
The dynamics of the driven Jaynes-Cummings model where a two-level atom is coupled to a single mode of cavity fields and is driven by an external coherent field is investigated. We find that in this model quantum collapse and revivals of the atomic population inversion and squeezing of the cavity field can be generated from a thermal photon state. We also notice that the squeezing is very sensitive to the mean number of thermal photons initially in the cavity, but the quantum collapse and revivals are not. The influence of the amplitude of the driving field and various detuning parameters on the nonclassical effects is discussed. The result shows that one can use the external field to control nonclassical effects in the Jaynes-Cummings model.
We extend the standard Jaynes-Cummings model to include transient effects due to a modulation of the atom-field coupling. The exact solution for such a generalized model is found in terms of Bessel functions for the atom-cavity mode interaction modulated by the exponential function. This function is incorporated into the basic Hamiltonian phenomenologically for modelling the processes of adiabatic switching on or switching off the interaction of a two-level atom (at rest) with a quantized mode. The dynamical behaviour of the atomic inversion for such processes is plotted and compared with the atomic dynamics for the standard model. If we take into account that, in micromaser experiments, Rydberg atoms move through a cavity with a spatially inhomogenous field, we deal with the Jaynes-Cummings model with a spatial modulation the form of which is defined by the mode-shape function depending, in turn, on the geometrical form of resonator. In the cases of a rectangular and a spherical cavity the analytical solutions for atomic inversion are found in the explicit form in the weak-coupling limit. We consider in detail the time evolution of the atomic inversion while the atom passes through a rectangular cavity. Contrary to the standard model the initial inversion can be exactly restored during the atomic transit depending on the relation between the detuning, the atomic velocity and the number of half-wavelengths of the chosen mode. The numerical solutions of the basic equations are also obtained and plotted for rectangular and spherical resonators.