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arXiv:quant-ph/0402178

On the structure of optimal sets for tensor product channel

Максим Евгеньевич Широков

Published Feb 24, 2004• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

For a given quantum channel we consider two optimal sets of states, related to the Holevo capacity and to the minimal output entropy of this channel. Some properties of these sets as well as the necessary and sufficient condition for their coincidence are obtained. The relations between additivity properties for two quantum channels and the structure of the optimal sets for tensor product of these channels are considered. It turns out that these additivity properties are connected with the special hereditary property of the optimal sets for tensor product channel. We explore the structural properties of these optimal sets under two different assumptions. The first assumption means that for tensor product of two channels with arbitrary constraints there exists optimal ensemble with the product state average. It turns out that exactly this assumption guarantees hereditary property of the both optimal sets for tensor product channel and provides some observations concerning the additivity problems. The second assumption means additivity of the Holevo capacity for two channels with arbitrary constraints. It turns out that exactly this assumption guarantees strong hereditary property of the both optimal sets for tensor product channel and provides the natural "projective" relations between these sets and the optimal sets for single channels.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0402178

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For a given quantum channel we consider two optimal sets of states, related to the Holevo capacity and to the minimal output entropy of this channel. Some properties of these sets as well as the necessary and sufficient condition for their coincidence are obtained. The relations between additivity properties for two quantum channels and the structure of the optimal sets for tensor product of these channels are considered. It turns out that these additivity properties are connected with the special hereditary property of the optimal sets for tensor product channel. We explore the structural properties of these optimal sets under two different assumptions. The first assumption means that for tensor product of two channels with arbitrary constraints there exists optimal ensemble with the product state average. It turns out that exactly this assumption guarantees hereditary property of the both optimal sets for tensor product channel and provides some observations concerning the additivity problems. The second assumption means additivity of the Holevo capacity for two channels with arbitrary constraints. It turns out that exactly this assumption guarantees strong hereditary property of the both optimal sets for tensor product channel and provides the natural "projective" relations between these sets and the optimal sets for single channels.
Special sets of states, called optimal, which are related to the Holevo capacity and to the minimal output entropy of a quantum channel, are considered. By methods of convex analysis and operator theory, structural properties of optimal sets and conditions of their coincidence are explored for an arbitrary channel. It is shown that strong additivity of the Holevo capacity for two given channels provides projective relations between optimal sets for the tensor product of these channels and optimal sets for the individual channels.
The Holevo barycenter of a quantum channel is the unique output state obtained as the average output of any ensemble achieving the Holevo capacity. Given two quantum channels, the multiplicativity problem asks whether this barycenter tensorizes under parallel composition, namely whether the barycenter of the product channel coincides with the tensor product of the individual barycenters. This question is closely related to the additivity problem for the Holevo capacity: additivity implies tensorization of the Holevo barycenter, while tensorization alone is not sufficient for additivity. Although a construction is known that demonstrates the existence of channels with non-additive Holevo capacity, their corresponding Holevo barycenters still tensorize, leaving open whether multiplicativity might ultimately hold universally. Here, we answer this question in the negative by exhibiting channels for which the Holevo barycenter is not multiplicative under the tensor product of the channel with itself. Moreover, we show that the entropy of the Holevo barycenter is neither universally subadditive nor universally superadditive under tensor product.
This paper is devoted to further study of the Holevo capacity of infinite-dimensional quantum channels. The existence of a unique optimal average state for a quantum channel constrained by an arbitrary convex set of states is shown. The minimax expression for the Holevo capacity of a constrained channel is obtained. The χ\chiχ-function and the convex closure of the output entropy of an infinite-dimensional quantum channel are considered. It is shown that the χ\chiχ-function of an arbitrary channel is lower semicontinuous on the set of all states and has continuous restrictions to subsets of states with continuous output entropy. The explicit expression for the convex closure of the output entropy of an infinite-dimensional quantum channel is obtained and its properties are explored. It is shown that the convex closure of the output entropy coincides with the convex hull of the output entropy on the set of states with finite output entropy and, similarly to the χ\chiχ-function, it has continuous restrictions to subsets of states with continuous output entropy. The applications of the obtained results to the theory of entanglement are considered. The properties of the convex closure of the output entropy make it possible to generalize some results related to the additivity problem to the infinite-dimensional case.
The notion of the Holevo capacity for arbitrarily constrained infinite dimensional quantum channels is introduced. It is shown that despite nonexistence of an optimal ensemble in this case it is possible to define the notion of the output optimal average state for such a channel. The characterization of the output optimal average state and a minimax expression for the Holevo capacity are obtained. This makes it possible to prove equivalence of several additivity properties for infinite dimensional quantum channels. The notion of the χ\chiχ-function for an infinite dimensional channel is considered, its strong concavity and lower semicontinuity are shown. The problem of continuity of the Holevo capacity is also discussed. It is shown that the Holevo capacity is continuous function of a channel in the finite dimensional case while in general it is only lower semicontinuous. This conclusion is confirmed by the example. The main result of this note is the statement that additivity of the Holevo capacity for all finite dimensional channels implies additivity of the Holevo capacity for all infinite dimensional channels with arbitrary constraints. The subadditivity of the χ\chiχ-function for two infinite dimensional channels with one of them noiseless or entanglement breaking is also proved.
We consider the image of some classes of bipartite quantum states under a tensor product of random quantum channels. Depending on natural assumptions that we make on the states, the eigenvalues of their outputs have new properties which we describe. Our motivation is provided by the additivity questions in quantum information theory, and we build on the idea that a Bell state sent through a product of conjugated random channels has at least one large eigenvalue. We generalize this setting in two directions. First, we investigate general entangled pure inputs and show that Bell states give the least entropy among those inputs in the asymptotic limit. We then study mixed input states, and obtain new multi-scale random matrix models that allow to quantify the difference of the outputs’ eigenvalues between a quantum channel and its complementary version in the case of a non-pure input.