We give a direct proof of the additivity of the minimum output entropy of a particular quantum channel which breaks the multiplicativity conjecture. This yields additivity of the classical capacity of this channel, a result obtained by a different method by Matsumoto and Yura [quant-ph/0306009]. Our proof relies heavily upon certain concavity properties of the output entropy which are of independent interest.

arXiv:quant-ph/0403072Mar 9, 200419 citations

Additivity for unital qubit channels

Christopher King

arXiv:quant-ph/0103156Journal of Mathematical PhysicsSep 26, 2002202 citations

arXiv:quant-ph/0201149 · Journal of Mathematical Physics

Additivity of the classical capacity of entanglement-breaking quantum channels

Peter W. Shor

Published Sep 1, 2002• 170 citations

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Abstract

DOI: 10.1063/1.1498000

Related papers

Additivity of the Classical Capacity of Entanglement-Breaking Quantum Channels

Peter W. Shor

We show that for the tensor product of an entanglement-breaking quantum channel with an arbitrary quantum channel, both the minimum entropy of an output of the channel and the Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland capacity are additive. In addition, for the tensor product of two arbitrary quantum channels, we give a bound involving entanglement of formation for the amount of subadditivity (for minimum entropy output) or superadditivity (for classical capacity) that can occur. One of the more important open questions of quantum information theory is the determination of the capacity of a quantum channel for carrying classical information. This question has been only partially resolved. If entanglement between multiple inputs to the channel is not allowed, a formula for the classical capacity of a quantum channel has indeed been discovered [1, 2]. This capacity formula for a quantum channel Ψ is χ ∗ (Ψ) = max p i,ρ i H Ψ(piρi) − ∑We show that for the tensor product of an entanglement-breaking quantum channel with an arbitrary quantum channel, both the minimum entropy of an output of the channel and the Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland capacity are additive. In addition, for the tensor product of two arbitrary quantum channels, we give a bound involving entanglement of formation for the amount of subadditivity (for minimum entropy output) or superadditivity (for classical capacity) that can occur. One of the more important open questions of quantum information theory is the determination of the capacity of a quantum channel for carrying classical information. This question has been only partially resolved. If entanglement between multiple inputs to the channel is not allowed, a formula for the classical capacity of a quantum channel has indeed been discovered [1, 2]. This capacity formula for a quantum channel Ψ is χ ∗ (Ψ) = max p i,ρ i H Ψ(piρi) − ∑

Jan 1, 2002157 citations

On the additivity conjecture for channels with arbitrary constraints

Максим Евгеньевич Широков

Recently Shor proved equivalence of several open (sub)additivity problems related to the Holevo capacity and the entanglement of formation [15]. In our previous note [6] equivalence of these to the additivity of the Holevo capacity for channels with arbitrary linear constraints was shown. This note is the development of the previous one in the direction of channels with general constraints. Introducing input constraints provides greater flexibility in the treatment of the additivity conjecture. The Holevo capacity of arbitrarily constrained channel is considered and the characteristic property of an optimal ensemble for such channel is derived, generalizing the maximal distance property of Schumacher and Westmoreland (proposition 1). It is shown that the additivity conjecture for two channels with single linear constraints is equivalent to the similar conjecture for two arbitrarily constrained channels and, hence, to an interesting subadditivity property of the $χ$ -function for the tensor product of these channels (theorem 1). We also propose an alternative way of proving that the additivity conjecture for any two unconstrained channels implies strong superadditivity of the entanglement of formation. The arguments from the convex analysis provide another characterization of channels for which subadditivity of the $χ$ -function holds (theorem 3). This characterization and some modification of Shor's channel extension provide a simple way of proving that global additivity of the minimum output entropy for unconstrained channels implies global subadditivity of the $χ$ -function and strong superadditivity of the entanglement of formation.Recently Shor proved equivalence of several open (sub)additivity problems related to the Holevo capacity and the entanglement of formation [15]. In our previous note [6] equivalence of these to the additivity of the Holevo capacity for channels with arbitrary linear constraints was shown. This note is the development of the previous one in the direction of channels with general constraints. Introducing input constraints provides greater flexibility in the treatment of the additivity conjecture. The Holevo capacity of arbitrarily constrained channel is considered and the characteristic property of an optimal ensemble for such channel is derived, generalizing the maximal distance property of Schumacher and Westmoreland (proposition 1). It is shown that the additivity conjecture for two channels with single linear constraints is equivalent to the similar conjecture for two arbitrarily constrained channels and, hence, to an interesting subadditivity property of the $χ$-function for the tensor product of these channels (theorem 1). We also propose an alternative way of proving that the additivity conjecture for any two unconstrained channels implies strong superadditivity of the entanglement of formation. The arguments from the convex analysis provide another characterization of channels for which subadditivity of the $χ$-function holds (theorem 3). This characterization and some modification of Shor's channel extension provide a simple way of proving that global additivity of the minimum output entropy for unconstrained channels implies global subadditivity of the $χ$-function and strong superadditivity of the entanglement of formation.

arXiv:quant-ph/0308168Aug 29, 20033 citations

Additive Bounds of Minimum Output Entropies for Unital Channels and an Exact Qubit Formula

Motohisa Fukuda, Gilad Gour

We find an upper bound for the minimum output entropy of a unital quantum channel, and obtain an exact formula for general qubit channels. Our techniques incorporate the Rényi entropies, particularly, with Rényi parameter α = 2. Moreover, since our upper bound is additive under tensor product, we get as a corollary an upper bound for the classical capacity of unital quantum channels. Interestingly, our upper bound for the classical capacity depends only on the operator norm of matrix representations of channels on the space of traceless Hermitian operators, and is tight in the sense that it gives the precise quantity of classical capacity of the Werner-Holevo channel. As an example, we study quantum channels with operator sum representation that is made of the discrete Weyl operators (generalized Pauli operators), and explain how our formula works in this case. Finally, we find new examples for which the minimum output Rényi 2-entropy is additive.We find an upper bound for the minimum output entropy of a unital quantum channel, and obtain an exact formula for general qubit channels. Our techniques incorporate the Rényi entropies, particularly, with Rényi parameter α = 2. Moreover, since our upper bound is additive under tensor product, we get as a corollary an upper bound for the classical capacity of unital quantum channels. Interestingly, our upper bound for the classical capacity depends only on the operator norm of matrix representations of channels on the space of traceless Hermitian operators, and is tight in the sense that it gives the precise quantity of classical capacity of the Werner-Holevo channel. As an example, we study quantum channels with operator sum representation that is made of the discrete Weyl operators (generalized Pauli operators), and explain how our formula works in this case. Finally, we find new examples for which the minimum output Rényi 2-entropy is additive.

arXiv:1502.06411IEEE Transactions on Information TheoryDec 19, 20165 citations

Minimal entropy of states emerging from noisy quantum channels

Christopher King, Mary Beth Ruskai

We consider the minimal entropy of qubit states transmitted through two uses of a noisy quantum channel, which is modeled by the action of a completely positive trace-preserving (or stochastic) map. We provide strong support for the conjecture that this minimal entropy is additive, namely, that the minimum entropy can be achieved when product states are transmitted. Explicitly, we prove that for a tensor product of two unital stochastic maps on qubit states, using an entanglement that involves only states which emerge with minimal entropy cannot decrease the entropy below the minimum achievable using product states. We give a separate argument, based on the geometry of the image of the set of density matrices under stochastic maps, which suggests that the minimal entropy conjecture holds for nonunital as well as for unital maps. We also show that the maximal norm of the output states is multiplicative for most product maps on n-qubit states, including all those for which at least one map is unital. For the class of unital channels on C/sup 2/, we show that additivity of minimal entropy implies that the Holevo (see IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.44, p.269-73, 1998 and Russian Math. Surv., p.1295-1331, 1999) capacity of the channel is additive over two inputs, achievable with orthogonal states, and equal to the Shannon capacity. This implies that superadditivity of the capacity is possible only for nonunital channels.We consider the minimal entropy of qubit states transmitted through two uses of a noisy quantum channel, which is modeled by the action of a completely positive trace-preserving (or stochastic) map. We provide strong support for the conjecture that this minimal entropy is additive, namely, that the minimum entropy can be achieved when product states are transmitted. Explicitly, we prove that for a tensor product of two unital stochastic maps on qubit states, using an entanglement that involves only states which emerge with minimal entropy cannot decrease the entropy below the minimum achievable using product states. We give a separate argument, based on the geometry of the image of the set of density matrices under stochastic maps, which suggests that the minimal entropy conjecture holds for nonunital as well as for unital maps. We also show that the maximal norm of the output states is multiplicative for most product maps on n-qubit states, including all those for which at least one map is unital. For the class of unital channels on C/sup 2/, we show that additivity of minimal entropy implies that the Holevo (see IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.44, p.269-73, 1998 and Russian Math. Surv., p.1295-1331, 1999) capacity of the channel is additive over two inputs, achievable with orthogonal states, and equal to the Shannon capacity. This implies that superadditivity of the capacity is possible only for nonunital channels.

arXiv:quant-ph/9911079IEEE Transactions on Information TheoryJan 1, 2001345 citations

A quantum channel with additive minimum output entropy

Nilanjana Datta, Alexander Semenovich Holevo, Yuri Suhov

arXiv:quant-ph/0403072Mar 9, 200419 citations

Additivity for unital qubit channels

Christopher King

Additivity of the Holevo capacity is proved for product channels, under the condition that one of the channels is a unital qubit channel, with the other completely arbitrary. As a byproduct this proves that the Holevo bound is the classical information capacity of such qubit channels, and provides an explicit formula for this classical capacity. Additivity of minimal entropy and multiplicativity of p-norms are also proved under the same assumptions. The proof relies on a new bound for the p-norm of an output state from the half-noisy phase-damping channel.Additivity of the Holevo capacity is proved for product channels, under the condition that one of the channels is a unital qubit channel, with the other completely arbitrary. As a byproduct this proves that the Holevo bound is the classical information capacity of such qubit channels, and provides an explicit formula for this classical capacity. Additivity of minimal entropy and multiplicativity of p-norms are also proved under the same assumptions. The proof relies on a new bound for the p-norm of an output state from the half-noisy phase-damping channel.

arXiv:quant-ph/0103156Journal of Mathematical PhysicsSep 26, 2002202 citations

χ

-function for the tensor product of these channels (theorem 1). We also propose an alternative way of proving that the additivity conjecture for any two unconstrained channels implies strong superadditivity of the entanglement of formation. The arguments from the convex analysis provide another characterization of channels for which subadditivity of the

χ

-function holds (theorem 3). This characterization and some modification of Shor's channel extension provide a simple way of proving that global additivity of the minimum output entropy for unconstrained channels implies global subadditivity of the

χ

-function and strong superadditivity of the entanglement of formation.