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arXiv:quant-ph/0402111 · Physical Review A

Entangling single- and N -atom qubits for fast quantum state detection and transmission

Mark E. Saffman, Thad G Walker

Published Oct 3, 2005• 75 citations
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Abstract

We discuss the use of Rydberg blockade techniques for entanglement of single-atom qubits with collective $N$-atom qubits. We show how the entanglement can be used to achieve fast readout and transmission of the state of single-atom qubits without the use of optical cavities.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.72.042302

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We discuss the use of Rydberg blockade techniques for entanglement of single-atom qubits with collective NNN-atom qubits. We show how the entanglement can be used to achieve fast readout and transmission of the state of single-atom qubits without the use of optical cavities.
We demonstrate a new approach for fast preparation, manipulation, and collective readout of an atomic Rydberg-state qubit. By making use of Rydberg blockade inside a small atomic ensemble, we prepare a single qubit within $3\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ with a success probability of ${F}_{p}=0.93\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$, rotate it, and read out its state in $6\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ with a single-shot fidelity of ${F}_{d}=0.92\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$. The ensemble-assisted detection is 103{10}^{3}103 times faster than imaging of a single atom with the same optical resolution, and enables fast repeated nondestructive measurement. We observe qubit coherence times of $15\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$, much longer than the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ rotation time of 90 ns. Potential applications ranging from faster quantum information processing in atom arrays to efficient implementation of quantum error correction are discussed.
Collective qubits between atomic ground and Rydberg states can be converted, on-demand, into single photons, making them well-suited for scalable quantum network-type protocols. We demonstrate long-lived many-body Rabi oscillations and multi-particle entanglement, as well as study the dynamics of interaction-induced dephasing for collective Rydberg qubits held in a state-insensitive optical lattice trap. Both excitation blockade and spin-wave dephasing can contribute to suppression of multiple excitations, allowing for deterministic preparation of collective atomic qubits, single photons, and atom-photon entanglement for quantum information processing.
We are exploring several different approaches towards scalable quantum computing based on neutral atom qubits with long range Rydberg blockade. Rydberg interactions can be used to entangle single atom qubits, to entangle ensemble qubits, and to establish hybrid entanglement between atomic and other qubits. Using a 2D array of atomic qubits we demonstrate high fidelity single qubit control together with entanglement of nearby qubits. The ratio of qubit coherence time to entangling gate time exceeds 1000.
We propose and analyze a quantum repeater architecture in which Rydberg-blocked atomic ensembles inside optical cavities are linked by optical fibers. Entanglement generation, swapping, and purification are achieved through collective laser manipulations of the ensembles and photon transmission. Successful transmission and storage of entanglement are heralded by ionization events rather than by photon detection signals used in previous proposals. We demonstrate how the high charge detection efficiency allows for a shortened average entanglement generation time, and we analyze an implementation of our scheme with ensembles of Cs atoms.