We propose a scheme for measuring the squeezing, purity, and entanglement of Gaussian states of light that does not require homodyne detection. The suggested setup needs only beam splitters and single-photon detectors. Two-mode entanglement can be detected from coincidences between photodetectors placed on the two beams.
Following a recent theoretical proposal [J. Fiur\'a\ifmmode \check{s}\else \v{s}\fi{}ek and N. J. Cerf, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 063601 (2004)], we experimentally implement a scheme to measure the squeezing and purity of a single-mode squeezed vacuum state without an interferometric homodyne detection. The suggested setup is based on only a tunable beam splitter and a direct single-photon detector to fully characterize the generated Gaussian states. We discuss the experimental implementation of this procedure and compare it to other reference methods. A detailed exploitation of our results highlights some practical limitations of this method. This experimental work is followed by a detailed numerical analysis to derive the conditions required for the procedure to succeed. In particular, it is found that an overall single-photon detection efficiency of about 50% is needed, which is difficult to achieve in the present experiment.
We propose a feasible optical setup allowing for a loophole-free Bell test with efficient homodyne detection. A non-Gaussian entangled state is generated from a two-mode squeezed vacuum by subtracting a single photon from each mode, using beam splitters and standard low-efficiency single-photon detectors. A Bell violation exceeding 1% is achievable with 6 dB squeezed light and a homodyne efficiency around 95%. A detailed feasibility analysis, based upon the recent experimental generation of single-mode non-Gaussian states, suggests that this method opens a promising avenue towards a complete experimental Bell test.
We propose a feasible optical setup allowing for a loophole‐free Bell test with efficient homodyne detection. A non‐Gaussian entangled state is generated from a two‐mode squeezed vacuum by subtracting a single photon from each mode, using beam splitters and standard low‐efficiency single‐photon detectors. A Bell violation exceeding 1% is achievable with 6 dB of squeezing, a photodetector efficiency around 10%, and an homodyne efficiency around 95%. A feasibility analysis, based upon the recent generation of single‐mode non‐Gaussian states via photon subtraction, suggests that this method opens a promising avenue towards a complete experimental Bell test.
A feature of quantum mechanical states is delocalised coherence. We directly observe this coherence up to the three photon level. Explicitly, we carry out two-mode weak-field homodyne of both a single photon split at a beam splitter and a two-mode squeezed state. While our measurements are insufficient to quantify or witness entanglement directly, with improved collection efficiency and measurement stability we aim to show that this can be achieved with such a scheme. Thus we have shown how such a detector can directly probe coherence in both the discrete and continuous variable pictures.