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Quantum Information and Measurement (QIM)

A versatile quantum detector based on homodyne detection with photon-number resolution

Guillaume Thekkadath, D.S. Phillips, Jacob F. F. Bulmer, William R. Clements, A. Eckstein, Jasleen Lugani, C. G. Wade, Tom A. W. Wolterink, Adriana E. Lita, Sae Woo Nam, Thomas Gerrits, Ian A. Walmsley

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We interfere weak coherent states with heralded Fock states on a balanced beam splitter and detect the output with photon-number-resolving detectors. Our setup constitutes a versatile detector that can perform both Gaussian and non-Gaussian measurements.
DOI
10.1364/qim.2019.s4b.3

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Variable measurement operators enable the optimization of strategies for testing quantum properties and the preparation of a range of quantum states. Here, we experimentally implement a weak-field homodyne detector that can continuously tune between measuring photon numbers and field quadratures. We combine a quantum signal with a coherent state on a balanced beam splitter and detect light at both output ports using photon-number-resolving transition edge sensors. We observe that the discrete difference statistics converge to the quadrature distribution of the signal as we increase the coherent state amplitude. Moreover, in a proof-of-principle demonstration of state engineering, we show the ability to control the photon-number distribution of a state that is heralded using our weak-field homodyne detector.
We present the implementation of a compact setup for the generation of sub-Poissonian states of light exhibiting the analogous of antibunching behavior in the so-called mesoscopic intensity domain. In the scheme, the idler arm of a pulsed multi-mode twin-beam state is directly measured by a photon-number-resolving detector, whereas the signal arm is divided at a balanced beam splitter, at whose outputs other two photon-number-resolving detectors measure the number of photons. The three detectors measure synchronous with each laser pulse. Due to the nonclassical correlations in the twin beam, when a given value of photons is measured in the idler arm, the conditional states obtained in post processing at the two beam-splitter outputs are nonclassical, showing lower-than-one values of the Fano factor and of the photon autocorrelation coefficient. The possibility to engineer sub-Poissonian states nearly approaching the Fock state with one photon is also addressed.