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arXiv:quant-ph/0310057 · Physical Review Letters

Interfacing Quantum-Optical and Solid-State Qubits

Lin Tian, Peter Rabl, R. Blatt, P. Zoller

Published Jun 18, 2004• 139 citations
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Abstract

We present a generic model of coupling quantum-optical and solid-state qubits, and the corresponding transfer protocols. The example discussed is a trapped ion coupled to a charge qubit (e.g., Cooper pair box). To enhance the coupling and to achieve compatibility between the different experimental setups we introduce a superconducting cavity as the connecting element.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.92.247902

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We present a generic model of coupling quantum-optical and solid-state qubits, and the corresponding transfer protocols. The example discussed is a trapped ion coupled to a charge qubit (e.g., Cooper pair box). To enhance the coupling and to achieve compatibility between the different experimental setups we introduce a superconducting cavity as the connecting element.
We review some basic facts about qubits and qubit processing. After a brief survey of solid-state qubits, we focus on quantized electrical circuits and superconducting qubits based on Josephson junctions. We review the general framework and indicate how the various qubits, such as the superconducting Cooper pair box charge qubit, the persistent current flux qubit, the hybrid charge-phase qubit, and the Andreev-level qubit, can be seen to appear due to different choices of design parameters. Finally, we consider multi-qubit systems and discuss some aspects of decoherence.
We discuss prospects of building hybrid quantum devices involving elements of atomic and\nmolecular physics, quantum optics and solid-state elements with the attempt to combine\nadvantages of the respective systems in compatible experimental setups. In particular, we summarize our recent work on quantum hybrid devices and briefly discuss recent ideas for quantum networks. These include interfacing of molecular quantum memory with circuit QED, and using nanomechanical elements strongly coupled to qubits represented by electronic spins, as well as single atoms or atomic ensembles.
A hybrid quantum computing scheme is studied where the hybrid qubit is made of an ion trap qubit serving as the information storage and a solid-state charge qubit serving as the quantum processor, connected by a superconducting cavity. In this paper, we extend our previous work [1] and study the decoherence, coupling and scalability of the hybrid system. We present our calculations of the decoherence of the coupled ion - charge system due to the charge fluctuations in the solid-state system and the dissipation of the superconducting cavity under laser radiation. A gate scheme that exploits rapid state flips of the charge qubit to reduce decoherence by the charge noise is designed. We also study a superconducting switch that is inserted between the cavity and the charge qubit and provides tunable coupling between the qubits. The scalability of the hybrid scheme is discussed together with several potential experimental obstacles in realizing this scheme.
We propose two protocols to encode a logical qubit into physical qubits relying on common types of qubit-qubit interactions in as simple forms as possible. We comment on its experimental implementation in several quantum computing architectures, e.g., with trapped atomic ion qubits, atomic qubits inside a high-QQQ optical cavity, solid-state Josephson junction qubits, and Bose-Einstein condensed atoms.
Trapped charged particles, and in particular trapped ions, are among the leading candidates for quantum computing technologies. However, our ability to interconnect arrays of ions in different traps is a significant hurdle in scaling trapped ion quantum computing. One approach to overcome this problem is using a solid state conducting wire to mediate the Coulomb interaction between particles in different traps. Additionally, there is strong interest in interfacing trapped ion qubits with solid state superconducting qubits to develop hybrid systems which benefit from the complementary strengths of the two technologies. For studies related to these fields, a trapped charged particle inducing charge on a conductor has long been modeled using equivalent circuit elements. The equivalent circuit element approach is popular partly due to the appeal of a model for analyzing systems using simple electronic components. As a result, a body of theoretical work is founded on this approach. However, careful consideration of the model leads to inconsistencies. Here, we identify the origin of the inconsistencies and their implications. Our result removes a potential road-block for future studies aiming to use conductors to connect independent arrays of ions, or to interface charged particles with solid-state qubit technologies. In addition, for the specific case of two trapped ions interacting via a conducting coupling system, we introduce an alternative way to use linear relationships, which reproduces results from other works that are not based on the circuit element model. This method is useful in trouble-shooting real experimental designs and assessing the accuracy of different theoretical models.