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arXiv:quant-ph/0308154 · Physical Review E

Crossover from classical to quantum behavior of the Duffing oscillator through a pseudo-Lyapunov-exponent

Yukihiro Ota, Ichiro Ohba

Published Jan 7, 2005• 15 citations
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Abstract

We discuss the quantum-classical correspondence (QCC) in a specific dissipative chaotic system, the Duffing oscillator. The quantum version of the Duffing oscillator is treated as an open quantum system and analyzed numerically by the use of quantum state diffusion (QSD). We consider a pseudo-Lyapunov exponent and investigate it in detail, varying the Planck constant effectively. We show that there exists a critical stage in which the crossover from classical to quantum behavior occurs. Furthermore, we find that a dissipation effect suppresses the occurrence of chaos in the quantum region, while it, combined with the periodic external force, plays a crucial role in the chaotic behavior of the classical system.

DOI
10.1103/physreve.71.015201

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We discuss the quantum-classical correspondence (QCC) in a specific dissipative chaotic system, the Duffing oscillator. The quantum version of the Duffing oscillator is treated as an open quantum system and analyzed numerically by the use of quantum state diffusion (QSD). We consider a pseudo-Lyapunov exponent and investigate it in detail, varying the Planck constant effectively. We show that there exists a critical stage in which the crossover from classical to quantum behavior occurs. Furthermore, we find that a dissipation effect suppresses the occurrence of chaos in the quantum region, while it, combined with the periodic external force, plays a crucial role in the chaotic behavior of the classical system.
We discuss the quantum–classical correspondence in a specific dissipative chaotic system, Duffing oscillator. We quantize it on the basis of quantum state diffusion (QSD) that is a certain formulation for quantum open systems and a useful tool for analyzing nonlinear problems and their classical limit. We define a “pseudo-Lyapunov exponent” and investigate the behavior of this quantity varying Planck constant effectively. We show that in a dissipative system there exists some critical stage in which the crossover from classical to quantum behavior occurs. Furthermore, we show that the role of dissipation changes for quantized Duffing oscillator since the effect of dissipation is important for the occurrence of chaos in classical mechanics but suppresses it in quantum region.
We apply the QSD to the quantum version of Duffing oscillator and discuss the QCC and dissipative quantum chaos in this system. We calculate the constant phase map and the pseudo-Lyapunov exponent, varying Planck constant effectively and show there is a certain clear critical stage in which a crossover from classical to quantum behavior occurs. Furthermore, we discuss the effect of dissipation in the dissipative quantum chaos by means of a degrees of localization introduced in the QSD formalism[5]. Unfortunately, the pseudo-Lyapunov exponent is not a quantity characterized a dissipative system. Therefore, it will be necessary to discuss the connection between the classical trajectory (strange attractor) and the quantum observable which characterize a dissipative quantum system.
The classical-quantum transition for chaotic systems is understood to be accompanied by the suppression of chaotic effects as the relative variant Planck's over 2pi is increased. We show evidence to the contrary in the behavior of the quantum trajectory dynamics of a dissipative quantum chaotic system, the double-well Duffing oscillator. The classical limit in the case considered has regular behavior, but as the effective variant Planck's over 2pi is increased we see chaotic behavior. This chaos then disappears deeper into the quantum regime, which means that the quantum-classical transition in this case is nonmonotonic in variant Planck's over 2pi.
A fundamental requirement for the emergence of classical behavior from an underlying quantum description is that certain observed quantum systems make a transition to chaotic dynamics as their action is increased relative to $\ensuremath{\hbar}$. While experiments have demonstrated some aspects of this transition, the emergence of quantum trajectories with a positive Lyapunov exponent has never been observed directly. Here, we remove a major obstacle to achieving this goal by showing that, for the Duffing oscillator, the transition to a positive Lyapunov exponent can be resolved clearly from observed trajectories even with measurement efficiencies as low as 20%. We also find that the positive Lyapunov exponent is robust to highly mixed, low-purity states and to variations in the parameters of the system.
Using the decoherence formalism of Gell-Mann and Hartle, a quantum system is found which is the equivalent of the classical chaotic Duffing oscillator. The similarities and the differences from the classical oscillator are examined; in particular, a new concept of quantum maps is introduced, and alterations in the classical strange attractor due to the presence of scale- dependent quantum effects are studied. Classical quantities such as the Lyapunov exponents and fractal dimension are examined, and quantum analogs are suggested. These results are generalized into a framework for quantum dissipative chaos, and there is a brief discussion of other work in this area.