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arXiv:quant-ph/0307227 · International Journal of Quantum Information

ON THE EXISTENCE OF PHYSICAL TRANSFORMATIONS BETWEEN SETS OF QUANTUM STATES

ANTHONY CHEFLES, Richard Jozsa, Andreas Winter

Published Mar 1, 2004• 76 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Let A={ρ1,…,ρn} be a given set of quantum states. We consider the problem of finding necessary and sufficient conditions on another set B={σ1,…,σn} that guarantee the existence of a physical transformation taking ρi to σi for all i. Uhlmann has given an elegant such condition when both sets comprise pure states. We give a simple proof of this condition and develop some consequences. Then we consider multi-probabilistic transformations between sets of pure states which leads to conditions for the problem of transformability between A and B when one set is pure and the other is arbitrary.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749904000031

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Let A={ρ1,…,ρn} be a given set of quantum states. We consider the problem of finding necessary and sufficient conditions on another set B={σ1,…,σn} that guarantee the existence of a physical transformation taking ρi to σi for all i. Uhlmann has given an elegant such condition when both sets comprise pure states. We give a simple proof of this condition and develop some consequences. Then we consider multi-probabilistic transformations between sets of pure states which leads to conditions for the problem of transformability between A and B when one set is pure and the other is arbitrary.
Let A = {rho_1,...,rho_n} be a given set of quantum states. We consider the problem of finding necessary and sufficient conditions on another set B = {sigma_1,...,sigma_n} that guarantee the existence of a physical transformation taking rho_i to sigma_i for all i. Uhlmann has given an elegant such condition when both sets comprise pure states. We give a simple proof of this condition and develop some consequences. Then we consider multi-probabilistic transformations between sets of pure states which leads to conditions for the problem of transformability between A and B when one set is pure and the other is arbitrary.
It is shown that a finite number of conditions are not sufficient to determine the locality of transformations between two probability distributions of pure states as well as the locality of transformations between two $d\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}d$ mixed states with $d\ensuremath{\geqslant}4$. As an example, an infinite, but minimal, set of necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a local procedure that converts one probability distribution of two pure pair of qubits into another one is found.
We derive a necessary condition for the existence of a completely-positive, linear, trace-preserving map which deterministically transforms one finite set of pure quantum states into another. This condition is also sufficient for linearly-independent initial states. We also examine the issue of quantum coherence, that is, when such operations maintain the purity of superpositions. If, in any deterministic transformation from one linearly-independent set to another, even a single, complete superposition of the initial states maintains its purity, the initial and final states are related by a unitary transformation.
We study the problem of transforming a set of pure bipartite states into another using deterministic LOCC (local operations and classical communication). Necessary conditions for the existence of such a transformation are obtained using LOCC constraints on state transformation, entanglement, and distinguishability. These conditions are shown to be independent but not sufficient. We discuss their satisfiability and classify all possible input-output pairs of sets accordingly. We also prove that strict inclusions hold between LOCC, separable, and positive partial transpose operations for set transformation problems.
In this paper we study how the coherence of a superposition of pure states is related with the coherence of its components. We consider two pure initial states and two pure final coherent states, such that the former ones cannot be transformed into the latter ones by means of incoherent transformations. In this situation, we analyze conditions for the existence of superpositions of the initial states that can be transformed into superpositions of the final states. In particular, we consider superpositions formed by quantum states belonging to orthogonal subspaces. By appealing to the majorization theory, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for such transformations to be possible. Finally, we provide some examples that illustrate the difference between the obtained conditions and the necessary criterion based on the relative entropy of coherence.