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arXiv:quant-ph/0307105 · Physical Review Letters

Quantum Teleportation with a Quantum Dot Single Photon Source

David A. Fattal, Eleni Diamanti, Kyo Inoue, Y. Yamamoto

Published Jan 23, 2004• 138 citations
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Abstract

We report the experimental demonstration of a quantum teleportation protocol with a semiconductor single photon source. Two qubits, a target and an ancilla, each defined by a single photon occupying two optical modes (dual-rail qubit), were generated independently by the single photon source. Upon measurement of two modes from different qubits and postselection, the state of the two remaining modes was found to reproduce the state of the target qubit. In particular, the coherence between the target qubit modes was transferred to the output modes to a large extent. The observed fidelity is 80%, in agreement with the residual distinguishability between consecutive photons from the source. An improved version of this teleportation scheme using more ancillas is the building block of the recent Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn proposal for efficient linear optics quantum computation.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.92.037904

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We report the experimental demonstration of a quantum teleportation protocol with a semiconductor single photon source. Two qubits, a target and an ancilla, each defined by a single photon occupying two optical modes (dual-rail qubit), were generated independently by the single photon source. Upon measurement of two modes from different qubits and postselection, the state of the two remaining modes was found to reproduce the state of the target qubit. In particular, the coherence between the target qubit modes was transferred to the output modes to a large extent. The observed fidelity is 80%, in agreement with the residual distinguishability between consecutive photons from the source. An improved version of this teleportation scheme using more ancillas is the building block of the recent Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn proposal for efficient linear optics quantum computation.
Quantum state teleportation represents a pillar of quantum information and a milestone on the roadmap towards quantum networks with a large number of nodes. Successful photonic demonstrations of this protocol have been carried out employing different qubit encodings. However, demonstrations in the Fock basis encoding are challenging, due to the impossibility of generating a coherent superposition of vacuum-one photon states on a single mode with linear optics. Indeed, previous realizations only allowed the teleportation of dual-rail entangled states, by exploiting ancillary electromagnetic modes. Here, instead, we enable the quantum teleportation of pure vacuum-one-photon qubits encoded in a single spatial mode, by exploiting coherent control of a resonantly excited semiconductor quantum dot in a micro-cavity. Within our setup, we can both teleport genuine single-rail vacuum-one-photon qubits and perform entanglement swapping. Our results may disclose new quantum information processing potentialities for this encoding, whose manipulation is achievable via quantum dot single-photon sources.
Quantum teleportation represents a key protocol for several tasks in quantum information processing. Theoretically proposed in [1], it was successfully demonstrated with qubits encoded in various degrees of freedom and platforms. However, its implementation with qubits in the photon-number encoding is challenging, since their preparation is unfeasible with linear optics. Indeed, only entangled states could be teleported in previous teleportation demonstrations in this encoding [2], which has been raising a growing interest in quantum computation and communication tasks due to the recent technological improvements in single-photon generation and detection efficiency. On the other hand, quantum dot-based single-photon sources are raising attractivity due not only to their high generation rates, single-photon purity, and high photon indistinguishability, but also to their capability to generate coherent superpositions of photon-number states when driven in the resonance fluorescence regime [3].
We report the experimental realization of the ``active'' quantum teleportation (QST) of a one-particle entangled qubit. This demonstration completes the original QST protocol and renders it available for actual implementation in quantum computation networks. It is accomplished by implementing an 8 m optical delay line and a single-photon triggered fast electro-optic Pockels cell. A large value of teleportation ``fidelity'' was attained: ${F}_{a}=(90\ensuremath{\mp}2)%.$ Our work follows the line recently suggested by H. W. Lee and J. Kim [Phys. Rev. A 63,63,63, 012305 (2000)] and E. Knill, R. Laflamme, and G. Milburn [Nature (London) 409,409,409, 46 (2001)].
Semiconductor quantum dots are currently emerging as one of the most promising sources of non-classical light on which to base future quantum networks. They can generate single photons as well as pairs of entangled photons with unprecedented brightness, indistinguishability, and degree of entanglement. These features have very recently opened up the possibility to perform advanced quantum optics protocols that were previously inaccessible to single quantum emitters. In this work, we report on two experiments that use the non-local properties of entanglement to teleport quantum states: three-photon state teleportation and four-photon entanglement teleportation. We discuss all the experimental results in light of a theoretical model that we develop to account for the non-idealities of the quantum source. The excellent agreement between theory and experiment enables a deep understanding of how each parameter of the source affects the teleportation fidelities and it pinpoints the requirements needed to overcome the classical limits. Finally, our model suggests how to further improve quantum-dot entangled-photon sources for practical quantum networks.
We report the experimental realization of teleporting a one-particle entangled qubit. The qubit is physically implemented by a two-dimensional subspace of states of a mode of the electromagnetic field, specifically, the space spanned by the vacuum and the one-photon state. Our experiment follows the line suggested by Lee and Kim [Phys. Rev. A 63, 012305 (2000)] and Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn [Nature (London) 409, 46 (2001)]. An unprecedented large value of the teleportation "fidelity" has been attained: F = (95.3 +/- 0.6)%.
Summary form only given. The demonstration of quantum state teleportation using single photonic qubits usually requires the detection of the teleported qubit to exclude an empty output mode of the "teleporter". This has lead to the misleading impression of postselecting the teleported quantum state. We demonstrate that postselection is no principle issue of quantum teleportation by presenting an experimental scheme in which a freely propagating teleported quantum state can be achieved with high fidelity. The scheme is discussed together with its applications in long-distance quantum communication schemes.