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arXiv:quant-ph/0304164 · Physical Review A

Teleportation-based number-state manipulation with number-sum measurement

Akira Kitagawa, Katsuji Yamamoto

Published Oct 23, 2003• 6 citations
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Abstract

We examine various manipulations of photon number states which can be implemented by teleportation technique with number-sum measurement. The preparations of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen resources as well as the number-sum measurement resulting in projection to certain Bell state may be done conditionally with linear optical elements, i.e., beam splitters, phase shifters, and zero-one-photon detectors. Squeezed vacuum states are used as primary entanglement resource, while single-photon sources are not required.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.68.042324

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We examine various manipulations of photon number states which can be implemented by teleportation technique with number-sum measurement. The preparations of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen resources as well as the number-sum measurement resulting in projection to certain Bell state may be done conditionally with linear optical elements, i.e., beam splitters, phase shifters, and zero-one-photon detectors. Squeezed vacuum states are used as primary entanglement resource, while single-photon sources are not required.
We analyze the linear optical realization of number-sum Bell measurement and number-state manipulation by taking into account the realistic experimental situation, specifically imperfectness of single-photon detector. The present scheme for number-state manipulation is based on the number-sum Bell measurement, which is implemented with linear optical elements, i.e., beam splitters, phase shifters, and zero-one-photon detectors. Squeezed vacuum states and coherent states are used as optical sources. The linear optical Bell state detector is formulated quantum theoretically with a probability operator measure. Then, the fidelity of manipulation and preparation of number states, particularly for qubits and qutrits, is evaluated in terms of the quantum efficiency and dark count of single-photon detector. It is found that a high fidelity is achievable with small enough squeezing parameters and coherent state amplitudes.
We show, by making conditional measurements on the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) squeezed vacuum, that one can improve the efficacy of teleportation for both the position difference, momentum sum and number difference, phase sum continuous variable teleportation protocols. We investigate the relative abilities of the standard and conditional EPR states, and show that by conditioning we can improve the fidelity of teleportation of coherent states from below to above the Fˉ=2/3\bar{F} = 2/3Fˉ=2/3 boundary.
Quantum state teleportation of optical number states is conspicuously absent from the list of experimental milestones achieved to date. Here we demonstrate analytically a teleportation scheme with fidelity 100%100\%100% for optical number states of arbitrary dimension using linear optical elements only. To this end, we develop an EPR source to supply Bell-type states for the teleportation, and show how the same set-up can also be used as a Bell-state analyser (BSA) when implemented in a time-reversal manner. These two aspects are then brought together to complete the teleportation protocol in a scheme that can deliver perfect fidelity, albeit with an efficiency that decays exponentially as the occupation of the number states increases stepwise. The EPR source and BSA schemes both consist of two optical axes in a symmetrical V-shape experimental layout, along which beam-splitters are placed cross-beam fashion at regular intervals, with their transmittivities treated as variables for which the values are calculated ad hoc. In particular, we show the full treatment for the case of qutrit teleportation, and calculate the transmittivity values of the beam splitters required for teleporting qubits, qutrits, qupentits, quheptits and qunits. The general case for arbitrary-dimensional number state teleportation is demonstrated through a counting argument.
We show that by making conditional measurements on the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) squeezed vacuum [T. Opatrn\'y, G. Kurizki, and D.-G. Welsch, Phys. Rev. A 61, 032302 (2000)], one can improve the efficacy of teleportation for both the position-difference, momentum-sum, and number-difference, phase-sum continuous variable teleportation protocols. We investigate the relative abilities of the standard and conditional EPR states, and show that by conditioning we can improve the fidelity of teleportation of coherent states from below to above the F‾=2/3\overline{F}=2/3F=2/3 boundary, thereby achieving unambiguously quantum teleportation.