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arXiv:quant-ph/0202154 · Physical Review A

Maximal entanglement of squeezed vacuum states via swapping with number-phase measurement

Akira Kitagawa, Katsuji Yamamoto

Published Nov 19, 2002• 9 citations
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Abstract

We propose a method to refine entanglement via swapping from a pair of squeezed vacuum states by performing the Bell measurement of number sum and phase difference. The resultant states are maximally entangled by adjusting the two squeezing parameters to the same value. We then describe the teleportation of number states by using the entangled states prepared in this way.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.66.052312

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We propose a method to refine entanglement via swapping from a pair of squeezed vacuum states by performing the Bell measurement of number sum and phase difference. The resultant states are maximally entangled by adjusting the two squeezing parameters to the same value. We then describe the teleportation of number states by using the entangled states prepared in this way.
We present a realistic scheme for the entanglement swapping of continuous variable, in which a two-mode squeezed vacuum state serves as a quantum channel. The position sum and momentum difference of two local modes are measured. By taking the input entangled state also as a two-mode squeezed vacuum state, we investigate the average fidelity and the von Neumann entropy of the output state. The results show that the perfect teleportation can be achieved by increasing the squeezing of the quantum channel and that any nonzero squeezing in both the quantum channel and the input entangled state is sufficient to swap the entanglement.
We examine various manipulations of photon number states which can be implemented by teleportation technique with number-sum measurement. The preparations of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen resources as well as the number-sum measurement resulting in projection to certain Bell state may be done conditionally with linear optical elements, i.e., beam splitters, phase shifters, and zero-one-photon detectors. Squeezed vacuum states are used as primary entanglement resource, while single-photon sources are not required.
We show how the partial entanglement inherent in a two-mode squeezed vacuum state admits two different teleportation protocols. These two protocols refer to the different kinds of joint measurements that may be made by the sender. One protocol is the recently implemented quadrature phase approach of Braunstein and Kimble [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80,80,80, 869 (1998)]. The other is based on recognizing that a two-mode squeezed vacuum state is also entangled with respect to photon-number difference and phase sum. We show that this protocol can also realize teleportation; however, limitations can arise due to the fact that the photon-number spectrum is bounded from below by zero. Our examples show that a given entanglement resource may admit more than a single teleportation protocol and the question then arises as to what is the optimum protocol in the general case.
We generalize the entanglement swapping scheme originally proposed for two pairs of qubits to an arbitrary number q of systems composed from an arbitrary number m j of qudits. Each of the systems is supposed to be prepared in a maximally entangled state of m j qudits, while different systems are not correlated at all. We show that when a set of ∑ q j = 1 a j particles (from each of the q systems a j particles are measured) is subjected to a generalized Bell-type measurement, the resulting set of ∑ q j = 1 ( m j - a j ) particles will collapse into a maximally entangled state.