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arXiv:quant-ph/0303059

Merging quantum theory into classical physics

Jacques Moret‐Bailly

Published Mar 11, 2003• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The zero point field is an ordinary field existing in the dark, which cannot be separated from the total electromagnetic field in an excited mode. The total field is in equilibrium with matter that it polarizes temporarily and reversibly. This polarisation is exceptionally large enough to allow the energy of an atom reach and cross a pass between two minimums of potential, stimulating an emission or an absorption. A paradox of quantum electrodynamics is explained classically: The nearly plane wave generally used in stimulated emission experiments must be decomposed into an efficient spherical wave and a scattered wave, so that the plane wave is two times less efficient than the zero point component of the spherical mode. The classical electromagnetism does not need the quantum postulate "reduction of the wave packet" and it has no paradox such as EPR. De Broglie's waves may be the linear part of solitons of a field which may be a high frequency electromagnetic field. These solitons may lead to a physical interpretation of the superstrings theory.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0303059

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The zero point field is an ordinary field existing in the dark, which cannot be separated from the total electromagnetic field in an excited mode. The total field is in equilibrium with matter that it polarizes temporarily and reversibly. This polarisation is exceptionally large enough to allow the energy of an atom reach and cross a pass between two minimums of potential, stimulating an emission or an absorption. A paradox of quantum electrodynamics is explained classically: The nearly plane wave generally used in stimulated emission experiments must be decomposed into an efficient spherical wave and a scattered wave, so that the plane wave is two times less efficient than the zero point component of the spherical mode. The classical electromagnetism does not need the quantum postulate "reduction of the wave packet" and it has no paradox such as EPR. De Broglie's waves may be the linear part of solitons of a field which may be a high frequency electromagnetic field. These solitons may lead to a physical interpretation of the superstrings theory.
In the classical theory, an electromagnetic field obeying Maxwell's equations cannot be absorbed quickly by matter, so that it remains a zero point field. Splitting the total, genuine electromagnetic field into the sum of a conventional field and a zero point field is physically meaningless until a receiver attenuates the genuine field down to the zero point field, or studying the amplification of the zero point field by a source. In classical optics all optical effects must be written using the genuine field, so that at low light levels the nonlinear effects become linear in relation to the conventional field. The result of the interpretation of all observations, even at low light levels, is exactly the same in quantum electrodynamics and in the semi- classical theory. The zero point field is stochastic only far from the sources and the receivers; elsewhere, it is shaped by matter, it may be studied through fields visible before an absorption or after an amplification. A classical study of the reduction of the wave packet extends the domain of equivalence of the classical and quantum zero point field; using both interpretations of this field makes the results more reliable, because the traps are different.
The existence of the zero point electromagnetic field in the dark is a trivial property of classical electromagnetism. Splitting the total, genuine electromagnetic field into the sum of a conventional field and a zero point field is physically meaningless. If a receiver attenuates the genuine field down to a zero conventional field, it remains a zero point field having the coherence and the phase of the conventional field, and vice-versa for the amplification of the zero point field by a source. Nonlinear optical effects must be written using the genuine field, so that at low light levels they become linear in relation to the conventional field. The result of the interpretation of all observations, even at low light levels, is exactly the same in quantum electrodynamics and in the semi-classical theory. The zero point field is stochastic only far from the sources and the receivers; elsewhere, it is shaped by matter, it may be studied through fields visible before an absorption or after an amplification. Two examples are given : the computation of fourth order interferences and the use of the impulsive stimulated Raman scattering with ordinary incoherent light in astrophysics.
The famous 1927 Solvay Conference was considered a turning point in the world of Physics. The scientific realists like Albert Einstein had lost and the instrumentalists like Niels Bohr had won the fundamental conflict. Since then Physics has followed the path of the instrumentalists in which Quantum Physics has been determined by the concept of Elementary Particles and Probability Waves. Until May 2013, when for the first time a photo had been made of the Probability Waves Inside the Hydrogen Atom . It should be impossible to make a photo of a non-existing complex probability wave with mass zero But the fact could not be denied anymore that scientists had succeeded to make the “complex” and the “non-existing” quantum mechanical “Probability Wave” visible. New discoveries like “Photonic Molecules” and “Photon-Photon Interaction” require a new interpretation of the Copenhagen Interpretation . Since the Copenhagen Interpretation there is still no clarity about the physical interpretation of the Quantum Mechanical “Probability Wave Function”This Manuscript describes a third unknown interpretation of the Quantum Mechanical “Probability Wave Function”. A fundamental physical interpretation that will change the generally accepted Copenhagen Interpretation. This Manuscript will answer the fundamental question: Does an alternative theory exist in which the existence of this particular photo, of the Quantum Mechanical Probability Wave within the Hydrogen Atom, could be explained. And that the famous photo of the Hydrogen Atom can be explained in a logical and a simple way. To find the answer, we have to go back in time. Back 300 years in time to the moment when Isaac Newton discovered the beauty and one of the many secrets of the light. The moment when science walked away from light. And we return to the fundamental question: “Is it possible to build Matter out of Light (confined electromagnetic waves)?” To answer this question if it is possible to build Matter out of Light, we first have to answer the question how we have come to this world of Probability Waves and Elementary Particles and Quantum Physics.Louis de Broglie described in 1924 in his PhD thesis the wave properties of matter. Erwin Schrödinger published in 1926 the well-known Schrödinger wave equation with the characteristic spherical and elliptical wave solutions. To describe these material waves, the immediately and first explanation was: “There is only one possibility. These are “Electromagnetic Waves”. De Broglie Waves are ” Light Waves”. Because these were the only waves, known in the world of Physics, that could travel through vacuum. But there was a fundamental problem. These material waves, discovered by Louis de Broglie and mathematically described by Erwin Schrödinger could never be solutions of the well-known 4 linear equations of James Clerk Maxwell. The material waves were spherical and elliptical solutions of confinement and that was impossible for the solutions of the linear Maxwell Equations. According to the linear Maxwell Equations, superposition is possible but Electromagnetic Interaction and Electromagnetic Confinement can only be described by a set of non-linear differential equations. To solve this fundamental problem a new set of 3 non-linear Electromagnetic Equations (Equation 5 in this manuscript) has been developed which replaces the well-known 4 linear Maxwell Equations and the possible solutions of Equation (5) are also Spherical and Elliptical solutions of confinement. Table 1 in this manuscript presents a number of Electromagnetic Spherical Confinements as solutions of Equation 5a .A second problem was that the model of the atom of Bohr could not hold. How could an electron be everywhere at the same time in a kind of a spherical shell surrounding the nucleus. And be a particle at the same time. And Bohr found a compromise to declare the “De Broglie” waves to be the probability waves. Two problems were solved. Bohr’s planetary model could hold. And there was a name for the unknown material waves, discovered by Louis de Broglie and mathematically described by Erwin Schrödinger. The theory of “Probability Waves, Elementary Particles and Quantum Physics” had been created.
According to modern quantum field theory all elementary particles are quantum excitations of an underlying quantum field. In the case of the photon the underlying field is the electromagnetic field. In photon wave mechanics the photon concept was reached by a reinterpretation of the physical meaning of the free classical electromagnetic field. Such a reinterpretation does not give us a quantum theory of light quanta because the elementary quantum of action is foreign to classical physics. Although Planck’s constant does occur in the various Schro¨dinger-like wave equations we have presented in Part III it just plays the role of a multiplicative factor, see e.g., Eq. (10.36). The “justification” for bringing ~ into the formalism is the wish to make contact to the Einstein-de Broglie relations [Eqs. (10.40) and (10.41)]. In a sense one may call the light particle appearing from classical electrodynamics the classical photon.
Preface Foreword Instead of introduction: in classical physics there is no analogy of particles interference. When a quantum-particle passes only one of the two opened slits, the interference disappears Photon and soliton: the expressions for the energy of the photon and the energy of classical electromagnetic waves are completely different and cannot be derived from one another Uncertainties: when a monochromatic wave is passed through a shutter with a very short opening time, the light after the shutter is no more monochromatic Initial conditions and probabilities: spontaneous decays are chance events. They do not depend on prehistory or any other factors Stimulated gamma quanta emission: the relations between the coefficients of Einstein for stimulated emission and absorption are valid for all transitions Gamma lasers and very narrow Mossbauer gamma line: it is impossible to build a gamma laser using a transition between a very long living and a very short living excited state Electromagnetic energy density at low and high temperature: forbidden transitions in gaseous nebulae emit photons only because of inverse population The science is screened behind the observable: only observable quantities are real and have a meaning The common wave function is screened behind the mathematical possibilities:the wave function is not real but statistical Quantum physics and classical thermodynamics: quantum physics is a complete science Index.
Maxwell matter waves emerge from a perspective, complementary to de Broglie's, that matter is fundamentally a wave phenomenon whose particle aspects are revealed by quantum mechanics. Their quantum mechanical description is derived through the introduction of a matter vector potential, having frequency ω0ω_0ω0​, to Schrodinger's equation for a massive particle. Maxwell matter waves are then seen to be coherent excitations of a single-mode of the matter-wave field. In the classical regime, their mechanics is captured by a matter analog of Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic field. As such, Maxwell matter waves enable a spectrum of systems that have useful optical analogs, such as resonant matter-wave interferometric sensors and matter-wave parametric oscillators. These waves are associated with a wavelength that is tied to the drive frequency ω0ω_0ω0​ rather than to the massive particle's energy, as is ordinarily the case with de Broglie matter waves. As a result, simple interferometric measurements lead to different outcomes for the two types of waves. While their apparent departure from de Broglie character is surprising, Maxwell matter waves are wholly consistent with quantum mechanics.