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arXiv:quant-ph/0302151 · Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics

Competitive stochastic noises in coherently driven two-level atoms and quantum interference

Петер Адам, A. Karpati, Wojciech Gawlik, József Janszky

Published Jun 1, 2003• 1 citation
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Abstract

A system of coherently driven two-level atoms is analysed in the presence of two independent stochastic perturbations: one due to collisions and a second due to phase fluctuations of the driving field. The behaviour of the quantum interference induced by the collisional noise is considered in detail. The quantum-trajectory method is utilized to reveal the phase correlations between the dressed states involved in the interfering transition channels. It is shown that the quantum interference induced by the collisional noise is remarkably robust against phase noise. This effect is due to the fact that the phase noise, similarly to collisions, stabilizes the phase difference between the dressed states.

DOI
10.1088/1464-4266/5/3/351

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A system of coherently driven two-level atoms is analysed in the presence of two independent stochastic perturbations: one due to collisions and a second due to phase fluctuations of the driving field. The behaviour of the quantum interference induced by the collisional noise is considered in detail. The quantum-trajectory method is utilized to reveal the phase correlations between the dressed states involved in the interfering transition channels. It is shown that the quantum interference induced by the collisional noise is remarkably robust against phase noise. This effect is due to the fact that the phase noise, similarly to collisions, stabilizes the phase difference between the dressed states.
Stochastic perturbation of two-level atoms strongly driven by a coherent light field is analyzed by the quantum-trajectory method. A method is developed for calculating the resonance fluorescence spectra from numerical simulations. It is shown that in the case of dominant incoherent perturbation, the stochastic noise can unexpectedly create phase correlation between the neighboring atomic dressed states. This phase correlation is responsible for quantum interference between the related transitions resulting in anomalous modifications of the resonance fluorescence spectra.
Abstract Stochastic perturbation of two‐level atoms strongly driven by a coherent light field is analyzed by the quantum trajectory method. Narrow resonances as hole burning and dispersive Fano‐like profile occur in the spectra in the regime where the noise dominates the Rabi oscillations. It is shown that in this case the stochastic noise can unexpectedly create phase correlation between the neighboring atomic dressed states. This phase correlation is responsible for quantum interference between the related transitions resulting in anomalous modifications of the resonance fluorescence spectra.
The absorption spectrum is considered for a two-level atom coherently driven by a laser field and incoherently perturbed by stochastic noise. In the noise-dominated regime where incoherent perturbation far exceeds coherent excitation, the amplifying and dispersionlike components in the standard absorption spectrum [B. R. Mollow, Phys. Rev. A 5, 2217 (1972); F. Y. Wu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett 38, 1077 (1977)] develop into an absorption peak and a narrow dip, respectively. The modified absorption spectrum is attributed to the quantum interference induced by stochastic noise.
We discuss quantum interference effects in the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a \ensuremath{\Lambda} three-level atom when the lower-level doublet is driven by a coherent field. The interfering pathways that lead to the same final state involve both spontaneous decays and stimulated transitions, and differ from one another by an odd number of stimulated processes induced by the driving field. As a consequence, the interference structures depend upon the phase of the coherent field, an effect that is absent in other resonance fluorescence phenomena. The phase dependence of the quantum interference contribution is especially significant when the level splitting of the driven doublet is comparable to the spontaneous decay rates of the competing optical paths.
In the experiment with barium vapor (close approximation of a two-level system) we found spectra of resonance fluorescence having the form of a pressure-broadened line with a narrow, not collisionally broadened, dip. They are interpreted as the result of collisionally-induced quantum interference among possible spontaneous emission channels of a dressed atom subjected to stochastic perturbation. Also, the analogy between these effects and the coherent population trapping in three-level systems is pointed out.
We investigate nonlinear wave mixing in two-level atoms wherein, using a dressed state formalism, it is shown that the signal arises as a consequence of quantum interference between relevant probability amplitudes for photon emission. We then report a theoretical study of the modifications that are induced in the four-wave mixing signals when the transition frequency of the atoms is stochastically modulated. Such modulations, which arise from perturbations in the immediate environment of the atoms, are shown to cause significant alterations in the nonlinear response of the atoms. We also describe how one can, via an investigation of the four-wave mixing signal, differentiate between Markov and non-Markov fluctuations in the transition frequency of the two-level system. The calculations rely on a recently developed Monte Carlo procedure that can be used to obtain exact solutions to a wide variety of spectroscopic problems, with minimal restrictions on atom, field, and noise parameters.