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arXiv:quant-ph/0207123 · Physical Review A

Slow light propagation in a thin optical fiber via electromagnetically induced transparency

Anil K. Patnaik, Jian Liang, K. Hakuta

Published Dec 26, 2002• 56 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a configuration that utilizes electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to tailor a fiber mode propagating inside a thin optical fiber and coherently control its dispersion properties to drastically reduce the group velocity of the fiber mode. The key to this proposal is that the evanescent field of the thin fiber strongly couples with the surrounding active medium, so that the EIT condition is met by the medium. We show how the properties of the fiber mode are modified due to the EIT medium, both numerically and analytically. We demonstrate that the group velocity of the modified fiber mode can be drastically reduced $(\ensuremath{\approx}44\mathrm{}\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{c})$ using the coherently prepared orthohydrogen doped in a matrix of parahydrogen crystal as the EIT medium.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.66.063808

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Slow Light in Optical Waveguides

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As evidenced by this book, there has been a flurry of activity over the last decade on tailoring the dispersive properties of optical materials [1]. What has captured the attention of the research community were some of the early results on creating spectral regions of large normal dispersion [2-4]. Large normal dispersion results in extremely small group velocities, where the group velocity is the approximate speed at which a pulse of light propagates through a material. We denote the group velocity by υg = c/ng, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and ng is known as the group index. In the early experiments, described in greater detail in Chapter 1, a dilute gas of atoms is illuminated by a control or coupling beamwhose frequency is tuned precisely to an optical transition of an atom. This control field modifies the absorption and dispersion properties of another atomic transition that shares a common energy level. A narrow transparencywindow is created on this second transition-a process known as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)—and within this window, υg takes on extremely small values. Many experiments have now observed υg ∼ 1 m/s or less, implying ng > 108. This result is remarkable, considering the fact that the refractive index n of a material rarely exceeds 3 in the visible part of the spectrum.What are the implications of such large group indices? What applications are enabled by this basic science discovery?

CRC Press eBooks•Oct 8, 2018•0 citations
We propose a configuration that utilizes electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to tailor a fiber mode propagating inside a thin optical fiber and coherently control its dispersion properties to drastically reduce the group velocity of the fiber mode. The key to this proposal is that the evanescent field of the thin fiber strongly couples with the surrounding active medium, so that the EIT condition is met by the medium. We show how the properties of the fiber mode are modified due to the EIT medium, both numerically and analytically. We demonstrate that the group velocity of the modified fiber mode can be drastically reduced (\ensuremath≈44m/sec)(\ensuremath{\approx}44\mathrm{}\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{c})(\ensuremath≈44m/sec) using the coherently prepared orthohydrogen doped in a matrix of parahydrogen crystal as the EIT medium.
Propagation of a fibre mode inside a thin optical fibre surrounded by a molecular solid of ortho-H2 doped in a matrix of para-H2 crystal is considered. The evanescent fields of the fibre modes interact with the molecular solid which behaves as an electromagnetically induced transparency medium. It is shown that the dispersion behaviour and hence the group velocity of a weak (probe) field fibre mode can be manipulated by coherently controlling the dispersion of the surrounding medium via another strong (control) evanescent field of the thin fibre, using a low density crystal surrounding the fibre. For a set of experimental parameters of the medium, fibre and fields, the group velocity of the fibre mode could be drastically reduced to about a few hundreds of ms−1.
Slow light with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the core of cylindrical waveguide (CW) for an optical fiber system containing three-level atoms is investigated. The CW modes are treated in the weakly guiding approximation which renders the analysis into manageable form. The transparency window and permittivity profile of the waveguide due to the strong pump field in the EIT scheme is calculated. For a specific permittivity profile of the waveguide due to EIT, the propagation constant of the weak signal field and spatial shape of fundamental guided mode are calculated by solving the vector wave equation using the finite difference method. It is found that the transparency window and slow light field can be controlled via the CW parameters. The reduced group velocity of slow light in this configuration is useful for many technological applications such as optical memories, effective control of single photon fields, optical buffer and delay line.
Abstract Slow light with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the core of optical fibre containing three-level atoms is investigated. The guided modes are treated in the weakly guiding approximation which renders the analysis into a manageable form. The transparency window and permittivity profile of the core due to the strong pump field in the EIT scheme is calculated. For a specific permittivity profile of the core due to EIT, the propagation constant of the weak signal field and spatial shape of fundamental guided mode are calculated by solving the vector wave equation using the finite difference method. It is found that the transparency window and slow light field can be controlled via the optical fibre parameters. The reduced group velocity of slow light in this configuration is useful for many technological applications such as optical memories, effective control of single photon fields, optical buffers and delay lines.
We theoretically study classical step-modulated pulse propagation in an optically thick medium with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) using a fast Fourier transform and a proposed hybrid-asymptotic analysis. The 100% transmitted leading edge traveling at ccc consists of Sommerfeld-Brillouin precursors. The main signal, falling inside of the narrow EIT window, experiences a steep dispersion and slow group velocity. We suggest active control of the precursors and main signal separately by adjusting the parameters of the medium and incident pulse.
The slow light propagation effect in electromagnetically induced transparency with a spatial partially coherent coupling field has been studied. We find that the group velocity of the probe beam can be significantly reduced when the spatial coherence of the coupling field decreases. It shows that the group delay of the probe beam can achieve about 10 times that of the fully coherent case. This work shows the effect of spatial coherence of the coupling field in a coherent atomic medium and provides a slow-light mechanism in optical coherence systems.
As evidenced by this book, there has been a flurry of activity over the last decade on tailoring the dispersive properties of optical materials [1]. What has captured the attention of the research community were some of the early results on creating spectral regions of large normal dispersion [2-4]. Large normal dispersion results in extremely small group velocities, where the group velocity is the approximate speed at which a pulse of light propagates through a material. We denote the group velocity by υg = c/ng, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and ng is known as the group index. In the early experiments, described in greater detail in Chapter 1, a dilute gas of atoms is illuminated by a control or coupling beamwhose frequency is tuned precisely to an optical transition of an atom. This control field modifies the absorption and dispersion properties of another atomic transition that shares a common energy level. A narrow transparencywindow is created on this second transition-a process known as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)—and within this window, υg takes on extremely small values. Many experiments have now observed υg ∼ 1 m/s or less, implying ng > 108. This result is remarkable, considering the fact that the refractive index n of a material rarely exceeds 3 in the visible part of the spectrum.What are the implications of such large group indices? What applications are enabled by this basic science discovery?