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arXiv:quant-ph/0203141 · Physical Review A

Thermal and ground-state entanglement in Heisenberg XX qubit rings

Xiaoguang Wang

Published Sep 12, 2002• 183 citations
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Abstract

We study the entanglement of thermal and ground states in the Heisenberg $\mathrm{XX}$ qubit rings with a magnetic field. A general result is found that for even-number rings, pairwise entanglement between nearest-neighbor qubits is independent of both the sign of exchange interaction constants and the sign of magnetic fields. As an example we study the entanglement in the four-qubit model and find that the ground state of this model without magnetic fields is shown to be a four-body maximally entangled state measured by the square N-bit concurrence.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.66.034302

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We study the entanglement of thermal and ground states in the Heisenberg XX\mathrm{XX}XX qubit rings with a magnetic field. A general result is found that for even-number rings, pairwise entanglement between nearest-neighbor qubits is independent of both the sign of exchange interaction constants and the sign of magnetic fields. As an example we study the entanglement in the four-qubit model and find that the ground state of this model without magnetic fields is shown to be a four-body maximally entangled state measured by the square N-bit concurrence.
We study the entanglement of thermal and ground states in the Heisenberg XY spin chain with an inhomogeneous magnetic field.A general result is found that for two-qubit case,pairwise entanglement is independent of the sign of coupling constant J,magnetic field B,anisotropic parameter γ and inhomogeneous parameter b of the magnetic field.At zero absolute temperature,an analytical expression of concurrence C is given through which we show that the critical magnetic field Bc increases with the increase of inhomogeneity.At finite temperature,we show analytically for the isotropic case and numerically for the anisotropic case that the thermal entanglement can be apparently enhanced by introducing the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field.We also show that for isotropic case the critical temperature Tc is alone an increasing function of the inhomogeneous parameter b,while for anisotropic case,it is determined by both B and b.
The concurrence of two alternate qubits in a four-qubit Heisenberg XXXXXX chain is investigated when a uniform magnetic field BBB is included. It is found that there is no thermal entanglement between alternate qubits if BBB is close to zero. A magnetic field can induce entanglement in a certain range both for the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic cases. Near zero temperature, the entanglement undergoes two sudden changes with increasing value of the magnetic field BBB. This is due to the changes in the ground state. This novel property may be used as a quantum entanglement switch. The anisotropy in the system can also induce the entanglement between two alternate qubits.
The pairwise entanglement in the four-qubit Heisenberg XX open chain with external magnetic fields is calculated,and the analytical expressions for the measures of entanglement Concurrence are obtained.It is found that the entanglement between the boundary qubits can reach the value of 0.28 in the system with uniform external magnetic fields.In addition,in the Heisenberg XX model with external magnetic fields on the two boundary qubits,the two non-boundary qubits will be in the maximal entanglement by increasing the magnetic field at low temperature.
In this paper, we investigate the role of Dzyaloshinski–Moriya (DM) interaction in the pairwise entanglement in the three- and four-qubit XX models with magnetic field. In the four-qubit model, the pairwise entanglements of two nearest-neighbor qubits and two next-neighbor qubits are investigated, respectively. The dependences of the critical temperature at which the pairwise thermal entanglement disappears on DM interaction and magnetic fields are studied in details. At zero temperature, the entanglement can undergo sudden changes with adjustment of the parameters, and the general results of the concurrence are obtained in all cases.
We investigate the entanglement properties of finite spin rings, with noncollinear Ising interaction between nearest neighbors. The orientations of the Ising axes are determined either by the spin position within the ring (model AAA) or by the direction of the bond (model BBB). In both cases, the considered spin Hamiltonians have a point-group symmetry instead of the translation invariance that characterizes spin rings with collinear Ising interaction. The ground state of these models exhibit remarkable entanglement properties, resembling Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)-like states in the absence of an applied magnetic field (model BBB). Besides, the application of a homogeneous magnetic field allows to modify qualitatively the character of the ground-state entanglement, switching from multipartite to pairwise quantum correlations (both models AAA and BBB).