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arXiv:quant-ph/0203064 · Physical Review Letters

Deterministic Secure Direct Communication Using Entanglement

Kim Joris Boström, Timo Felbinger

Published Oct 11, 2002• 1,074 citations
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Abstract

A novel secure communication protocol is presented, based on an entangled pair of qubits and allowing asymptotically secure key distribution and quasisecure direct communication. Since the information is transferred in a deterministic manner, no qubits have to be discarded. The transmission of information is instantaneous, i.e., the information can be decoded during the transmission. The security against arbitrary eavesdropping attacks is provided. In case of eavesdropping attacks with full information gain, the detection rate is 50% per control transmission. The experimental realization of the protocol is feasible with relatively small effort, which also makes commercial applications conceivable.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.89.187902

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A novel secure communication protocol is presented, based on an entangled pair of qubits and allowing asymptotically secure key distribution and quasisecure direct communication. Since the information is transferred in a deterministic manner, no qubits have to be discarded. The transmission of information is instantaneous, i.e., the information can be decoded during the transmission. The security against arbitrary eavesdropping attacks is provided. In case of eavesdropping attacks with full information gain, the detection rate is 50% per control transmission. The experimental realization of the protocol is feasible with relatively small effort, which also makes commercial applications conceivable.
A novel secure communication protocol is presented, based on an entangled pair of qubits and allowing asymptotically secure key distribution and quasi-secure direct communication. Since the information is transferred in a deterministic manner, no qubits have to be discarded. The transmission of information is instantaneous, i.e. the information can be decoded during the transmission. The security against arbitrary eavesdropping attacks is provided. In case of eavesdropping attacks with full information gain, the detection rate is 50% per control transmission. The experimental realization of the protocol is feasible with relatively small effort, which also makes commercial applications conceivable.
Quantum cryptography protocols using entangled qubit pairs can increase the rate and security of information exchange through a quantum channel. Usually those protocols are non-deterministic, i.e. a classical bit is encoded in a quantum state, but the actual bit value cannot be determined. Therefore they request the transmission of additional information through a public channel. By contrast, the ping-pong coding scheme based on entangled photons allows for deterministic and direct key distribution. No qubit has to be discarded and information can be decoded without the need for a subsequent transmission of additional information. Communication through a public channel nevertheless is necessary to ensure asymptotical security against arbitrary eavesdropping attacks.
A scheme for deterministic secure direct communication based on ping-pong protocol without restricting the security control only to a distinct control mode and debate via classical channel is proposed. It utilizes an entangled pair of qubits and presents a higher bit-rate transfer of information together with a higher security than ping-pong protocol. The security of protocol is enhanced by introducing a control factor for each message mode. It is explicitly showed that the protocol has a high degree of security against a class of individual attacks, and successfully resolves the famous Wojcik attack.
Quantum secure direct communication protocols offer confidential transmission of classic information over the quantum channel without a prior key agreement. The ping-pong based protocols provide asymptotic security and detailed analysis of the security level provided by each variant of the protocol is required. The paper presents a general method of calculation of the eavesdropped information as a function of the attack detection probability. The method is applied to the ping-pong protocol based on completely entangled pairs of qudits. The lower and upper bound on the amount of the leaked information is provided.