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arXiv:quant-ph/0202049

Spontaneous localization for a charged particle in non-relativistic quantum mechanics

F. Miglietta

Published Feb 8, 2002• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The interaction of a moving charged particle with its coherent electromagnetic field is analysed in the framework of non-relativistic quantum mechanics. It is shown that, when this interaction is taken into account, a spatially localized state may have a mean energy lower than the one corresponding to a delocalized state.
DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0202049

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The thesis is devoted to the phase space representation of relativistic quantum mechanics. For a class of observables with matrix-valued Weyl symbols proportional to the identity matrix, the Weyl-Wigner-Moyal formalism is proposed. The evolution equations are found to coincide with their counterparts in relativistic quantum mechanics with non-local Hamiltonian. The difference between the theories is connected with peculiarities of the constraints on the initial conditions. Effective increase in coherence between eigenstates of the Hamiltonian is found. Relativistic coherent states that take into account a non-trivial charge structure of the position and momentum operators and satisfy the charge superselection rule are considered. On this basis, the entangled coherent states are developed.
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A review is given of a new relativistic classical mechanics for N-particle systems compatible with relativistic bound states. It is formulated in global non-inertial frames in Minkowski space-time by means of parametrized Minkowski theories and then restricted to the intrinsic inertial rest frame of the isolated system. There is a complete control on the relativistic collective variables (Newton-Wigner center of mass, Fokker-Pryce center of inertia, M/oller center of energy) and on the realization of the Poincare' algebra (with the explicit form of the interaction-dependent Lorentz boosts). The particle world-lines are found to correspond to the ones of predictive mechanics and localization problems are clarified. The model can be consistently quantized avoiding the instantaneous spreading of the center-of-mass wave packets (Hegerfeldt theorem), because the non-local non-covariant center of mass is a non-measurable quantity. This implies that the Hilbert space must be the tensor product of the center-of-mass Hilbert space with the one of relative motions. This spatial non-separability (due to the Lorentz signature of space-time) makes relativistic entanglement much more involved than the non-relativistic one.