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arXiv:quant-ph/0201089 · Physical Review A

Squeezing of atoms in a pulsed optical lattice

M. Leibscher, Ilya Sh. Averbukh

Published May 7, 2002• 28 citations
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Abstract

We study the process of squeezing of an ensemble of cold atoms in a pulsed optical lattice. The problem is treated both classically and quantum mechanically under various thermal conditions. We show that a dramatic compression of the atomic density near the minima of the optical potential can be achieved with a proper pulsing of the lattice. Several strategies leading to the enhanced atomic squeezing are suggested, compared, and optimized.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.65.053816

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We study the process of squeezing of an ensemble of cold atoms in a pulsed optical lattice. The problem is treated both classically and quantum mechanically under various thermal conditions. We show that a dramatic compression of the atomic density near the minima of the optical potential can be achieved with a proper pulsing of the lattice. Several strategies leading to the enhanced atomic squeezing are suggested, compared, and optimized.
Summary form only given. Recently, we have proposed an aperiodic kicked-rotor excitation strategy leading to unlimited angular squeezing of rotational wave packets. It has been pointed out that this approach should be useful in several contexts, but it is in the setting of a pulsed optical lattice that we discuss in the present paper. We consider both classical and quantum regimes of preparing ultra-narrow (squeezed) atomic spatial distribution by a proper sequence of laser pulses forming the optical lattice. It is shown that after a linear focusing phenomenon caused by a single pulse, the rainbow-like structures appear in atomic spatial density.
Optical lattices have been used for focusing atomic beams to produce arrays of parallel nanowires and nanodots. Atomic dynamics in optical lattice lenses can be treated with either a method analogous to classical ray‐optics or wave mechanics. In this article, we investigate the dynamics by treating atoms quantum mechanically, moving in semiclassical optical lattices. The goal is to provide general conditions for achieving optimal atom focusing. Effects of experimental parameters such as detuning, laser power, and atom–lattice interaction time, and the shape of the optical lattice potentials on atom focusing are studied. Based on these analyses, strategies for achieving optimal atom focusing are provided.
Using Bragg scattering we study classical squeezing and wave packet oscillations of the atomic center-of-mass motion of cesium atoms trapped in 1D and 3D optical lattices. A sudden increase of the potential depth leads to wave packets substantially more localized than in steady state, and subsequent breathing-mode oscillations with a decay rate that under some conditions is remarkably slow. We also study the response of the atoms to parametric driving of the center-of-mass motion. Our results are in agreement with Monte Carlo simulations.
We investigate a new type of quantum ratchet which may be realised by cold atoms in a double-well optical lattice which is pulsed with unequal periods. The classical dynamics is chaotic and we find the classical diffusion rate DDD is asymmetric in momentum up to a finite time trt_rtr​. The quantum behaviour produces a corresponding asymmetry in the momentum distribution which is 'frozen-in' by Dynamical Localisation provided the break-time t∗>trt^* > t_rt∗>tr​. We conclude that the cold atom ratchets require Db/ℏ∼1Db/ \hbar \sim 1Db/ℏ∼1 where b is a small deviation from period-one pulses.