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Quantum Information and Measurement (QIM)

Optimally squeezed atomic states for quantum metrology

Sebastian Camilo Carrasco, Michael H. Goerz, Vladan Vuletić, Vladimir S. Malinovsky

Published Jan 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a novel pulse sequence that drives an ensemble of cold trapped atoms into an optimal squeezed state. These states have a fundamental precision scaling proportional to the inverse of the number of atoms.
DOI
10.1364/qim.2021.th3a.3

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In two-component Bose-Einstein condensates, the one-axis twisting Hamiltonian leads to spin squeezing with a limitation that scales with the number of atoms as ${N}^{\ensuremath{-}2/3}$. We propose a scheme to transform the one-axis twisting Hamiltonian into a two-axis twisting Hamiltonian, resulting in enhanced spin squeezing proportional to ${N}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ approaching the Heisenberg limit. Instead of pulse sequences, only one continuous driving field is required to realize such a transformation, thus the scheme is promising for experimental realization of a two-axis twisting Hamiltonian. Quantum information processing and quantum metrology may benefit from this method in the future.
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Ultimate quantum fluctuations which limit the fundamental precision in metrology can be only reduced by entanglement of particles. In particular, squeezing of the fluctuations called the spin projection noise by means of generation of entanglement in an ensemble of atoms can improve the precision of spectroscopy and of atomic clocks. A powerful tool for generation of multiparticle entanglement is a quantum nondemolition measurement (QND). We will describe the fundamentals of QND measurement of atomic collective state with light and present a recent experiment [1] where this method has been used to reduce the projection noise on the clock transition in an ensemble of 105 cold and trapped Cesium atoms. Another method for generation of spin squeezing via electron-nucleus entanglement applicable only for atoms with angular momentum higher than ½ will be also discussed [2].