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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Quantum metrology frontiers with highly squeezed quantum states of atomic ensembles

Onur Hosten, Nils J. Engelsen, Rajiv Krishnakumar, Mark A. Kasevich

Published Jun 4, 2014• 0 citations
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Creating highly spin-squeezed states for quantum metrology surpassing the standard quantum limit is a topic of great interest. Spin squeezing has been achieved by either entangling different atoms in an ensemble, or by controlling the multilevel internal spin state of an atom. Here, we experimentally demonstrate combined internal and collective spin squeezing in a hot atomic ensemble with ∼10^{11} rubidium atoms. By synergistically combining these two types of squeezing and carefully aligning their squeezing quadratures, we have achieved a metrologically relevant spin squeezing of -6.21±0.84 dB, significantly outperforming the results obtained by utilizing either type of squeezing alone in our system. Our approach provides a new perspective on fully harnessing the degrees of freedom inherent in quantum states of an atomic ensemble.
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We present a special quantum effect named electromagnetically induced squeezing of atomic spin in the conventional Λ-type atomic system driven by a strong pump field and a relatively weak probe field in an atomic ensemble. Nearly perfect atomic spin squeezing in the y component can be achieved with fully on resonance at high pump-field intensity, large optical depth of the atomic ensemble, and a low coherence decay rate between the two lower levels. This method would greatly facilitate the generation of atomic spin squeezing by using only coherent laser fields, and may find potential applications in realistic quantum metrology, quantum computation, and quantum information processing.