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arXiv:quant-ph/0201083

Problems in realization of large-scale ensemble silicon-based NMR quantum computers

A. A. Kokin, K. A. Valiev

Published Jan 18, 2002• 2 citations
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Abstract

Problems in realization of silicon-based solid-state NMR quantum computer with ensemble addressing to qubits are considered. It is presented the extension of Kane's scheme to ensemble approach version with strip gates. For the initialization of nuclear quantum states it is proposed to use the solid-state effect in ENDOR technique whereby the nuclear spins can be practically fully polarized or, that is the same, indirect cooled to the spin temperature less than ~ 1 mK. It is suggested the possible planar silicon topology of such ensemble quantum computer and shown that the measurement with standard NMR methods signal of L ~ 10^3 qubit system may be achieved for a number of ensemble components N >= 10^5. As another variant of ensemble silicon quantum computer the gateless architecture of cellular-automaton is also considered. The decoherence of quantum states in the ensemble quantum computers and ways of its suppression is also discussed.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0201083

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Problems in realization of silicon-based solid-state NMR quantum computer with ensemble addressing to qubits are considered. It is presented the extension of Kane's scheme to ensemble approach version with strip gates. For the initialization of nuclear quantum states it is proposed to use the solid-state effect in ENDOR technique whereby the nuclear spins can be practically fully polarized or, that is the same, indirect cooled to the spin temperature less than ~ 1 mK. It is suggested the possible planar silicon topology of such ensemble quantum computer and shown that the measurement with standard NMR methods signal of L ~ 10^3 qubit system may be achieved for a number of ensemble components N >= 10^5. As another variant of ensemble silicon quantum computer the gateless architecture of cellular-automaton is also considered. The decoherence of quantum states in the ensemble quantum computers and ways of its suppression is also discussed.
As an ensemble scheme of solid-state NMR quantum computers the extension of Kane's many-qubits silicon scheme based on the array of 31 P donor atoms are spaced lengthwise of the strip gates is considered. The possible planar topology of such ensemble quantum computer is suggested. The estimation of the output NMR signal was performed and it was shown that for the number N>=10^5 of ensemble elements involving L~10^3 qubits each, the standard NMR methods are usable. As main mechanisms of decoherence for low temperature (<0.1K), the adiabatic processes of random modulation of qubit resonance frequency determined by secular part of nuclear spin hyperfine interaction with electron magnetic moment of basic atom and dipole-dipole interaction with nuclear moments of neighboring impurity atoms was considered, It was made estimations of allowed concentrations of magnetic impurities and of spin temperature whereby the required decoherence suppression is obtained. Semiclassical decoherence model of two qubit entangled states is also presented. As another variant of the solid-state ensemble quantum computer, the gateless architecture of cellular-automaton with antiferromagnetically ordered electron spins is also discussed here.
It is discussed the decoherence problems in ensemble large-scale solid state NMR quantum computer based on the array of 31P donor atoms having nuclear spin I=1/2. It is considered here, as main mechanisms of decoherence for low temperature (<0.1K), the adiabatic processes of random modulation of qubit resonance frequency determined by secular part of nuclear spin interaction with electron spin of the basic atoms, with impurity paramagnetic atoms and also with nuclear spins of impurity and of spin temperature whereby the required decoherence suppression is obtained. It is discussed the random phase error suppression in the ensemble quantum register basic states.
Our progress towards realization of the all‐silicon solid‐state NMR quantum computer [PRL, 89, 017901 (2002) and revised version] is reported. We show experimentally that the phase memory time TM (or phase decoherence time T2) of 29Si nuclear spins in single‐crystal Si at room temperature can be extended up to 25 s (and possibly more) using RF decoupling techniques [quant‐ph/0309164 (2003)]. A simple estimate shows that a T2 of 25 s will allow for 106 single‐qubit and 104 two‐qubit operations, by far the largest number of operations possible among existing solid‐state quantum computer schemes. Recent progress in materials science needed for the realization of the all‐silicon quantum computer is also discussed.