Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:quant-ph/0112050 · Physical Review A

Entanglement swapping of generalized cat states and secret sharing

Vahid Karimipour, Alireza Bahraminasab, Saber Bagherinezhad

Published Apr 4, 2002• 215 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We introduce generalized cat states for d-level systems and obtain concise formulas for their entanglement swapping with generalized Bell states. We then use this to provide both a generalization to the d-level case and a transparent proof of validity for an already proposed protocol of secret sharing based on entanglement swapping.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.65.042320

Related papers

Multiparty key distribution and secret sharing based on entanglement swapping

Adán Cabello

A general proof of the security against eavesdropping of a previously introduced protocol for two-party quantum key distribution based on entanglement swapping [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 61}, 052312 (2000)] is provided. In addition, the protocol is extended to permit multiparty quantum key distribution and secret sharing of classical information.

arXiv:quant-ph/0009025•Sep 7, 2000•17 citations

Secret sharing of quantum information via entanglement swapping

Ying-Qiao Zhang, Jin Xing-Ri, Zhang Shou

Based on entanglement swapping, a scheme for the secret sharing of an arbitrary two-particle entangled state is proposed. If the controllers do not co-operate with the eavesdropper, the eavesdropper's successful probability decreases with the number of the controllers increasing. In addition, only the Bell-state measurements are required to realize the secret sharing scheme.

Chinese Physics•Sep 21, 2006•30 citations

A Ring Quantum Secret Sharing Protocol Based on Entanglement Swapping of Bell States

Qin Su-juan

To simplify the implementation of quantum secret sharing,a protocol based on Bell states entanglement swapping was proposed.The quantum channels among all players constituted a ring.Through adding or deleting nodes in the ring,protocols for any number of players could be designed.Investigation shows that the protocol is secure against the eavesdropping not only by eavesdroppers but also by the players.

Beijing Youdian Xueyuan xuebao•Jan 1, 2006•2 citations

Entanglement swapping of d-dimension bipartite and multi-particle entangled states

Zhaoxu Ji, Peiru Fan, Huanguo Zhang

We consider entanglement swapping schemes for several d-level entangled states, including d-dimension maximally entangled states, GHZ-class states, and cat-like states, where each scheme is realized by generalized Bell measurements. We also consider the entanglement swapping chains proposed by Hardy et al. [Phys. Rev. A. 62(5) 052315] for maximally entangled states. Applications of the proposed entanglement swapping schemes in quantum cryptography are described.

arXiv:2009.02555•Sep 5, 2020•1 citation

A novel quantum information hiding protocol based on entanglement swapping of high-level Bell states

Shujiang Xu, Xiu‐Bo Chen, Lianhai Wang +2 more

Using entanglement swapping of high-level Bell states, we first derive a covert layer between the secret message and the possible output results of the entanglement swapping between any two generalized Bell states, and then propose a novel high-efficiency quantum information hiding protocol based on the covert layer. In the proposed scheme, a covert channel can be built up under the cover of a high-level quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) channel for securely transmitting secret messages without consuming any auxiliary quantum state or any extra communication resource. It is shown that this protocol not only has a high embedding efficiency but also achieves a good imperceptibility as well as a high security.

Chinese Physics B•Apr 30, 2015•2 citations

New quantum secret sharing protocol based on entanglement swapping

Dan Liu

The insecurity of the protocols for quantum secret sharing(QSS) based on entanglement swapping was analyzed,and a new method of QSS based on entanglement swapping was proposed.The entanglement states were all generated by the sender,and the order of two photons sent to the same agent was randomly changed.After the photons arrived at the receiver,for the detection mode,the order of the two photons was announced,so that the two parties detected the security of the quantum channel;for the information mode,the two receivers respectively did Bell measurement on the two photons they owned,and then communicated through classical channel to share the secret key with the sender.Analysis results show that this protocol not only ensures the validity and security of the shared information,but also only uses the entanglement states of two photons without unitary operation.

Journal of Optoelectronics·laser•Jan 1, 2011•2 citations
Using entanglement swapping of high-level Bell states, we first derive a covert layer between the secret message and the possible output results of the entanglement swapping between any two generalized Bell states, and then propose a novel high-efficiency quantum information hiding protocol based on the covert layer. In the proposed scheme, a covert channel can be built up under the cover of a high-level quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) channel for securely transmitting secret messages without consuming any auxiliary quantum state or any extra communication resource. It is shown that this protocol not only has a high embedding efficiency but also achieves a good imperceptibility as well as a high security.
The insecurity of the protocols for quantum secret sharing(QSS) based on entanglement swapping was analyzed,and a new method of QSS based on entanglement swapping was proposed.The entanglement states were all generated by the sender,and the order of two photons sent to the same agent was randomly changed.After the photons arrived at the receiver,for the detection mode,the order of the two photons was announced,so that the two parties detected the security of the quantum channel;for the information mode,the two receivers respectively did Bell measurement on the two photons they owned,and then communicated through classical channel to share the secret key with the sender.Analysis results show that this protocol not only ensures the validity and security of the shared information,but also only uses the entanglement states of two photons without unitary operation.