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arXiv:quant-ph/0111112 · Physical Review Letters

Management of the Angular Momentum of Light: Preparation of Photons in Multidimensional Vector States of Angular Momentum

Gabriel Molina‐Terriza, Juan P. Torres, Lluís Torner

Published Dec 13, 2001• 673 citations
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Abstract

We put forward schemes to prepare photons in multidimensional vector states of orbital angular momentum. We show realizable light distributions that yield prescribed states with finite or infinite normal modes. In particular, we show that suitable light vortex pancakes allow the add-drop of specific vector projections. We suggest that such photons might allow the generation of engineered quNits in multidimensional quantum information systems.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.88.013601

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We put forward schemes to prepare photons in multidimensional vector states of orbital angular momentum. We show realizable light distributions that yield prescribed states with finite or infinite normal modes. In particular, we show that suitable light vortex pancakes allow the add-drop of specific vector projections. We suggest that such photons might allow the generation of engineered quNits in multidimensional quantum information systems.
The experimental realization of multidimensional quantum states may lead to unexplored and interesting physics, as well as advanced quantum communication protocols. The orbital angular momentum of photons is a well suitable discrete degree of freedom for implementing high-dimensional quantum systems. The standard method to generate and manipulate such photon modes is to use bulk and fixed optics. Here the authors demonstrate the utilization of a spatial light modulator to manipulate the orbital angular momentum of entangled photons generated in spontaneous parametric downconversion. They show that their setup allows them to realize photonic entanglement of up to 21 dimensions, which in principle can be extended to even larger dimensions.
The orbital angular momentum of photons, being defined in an infinite-dimensional discrete Hilbert space, offers a promising resource for high-dimensional quantum information protocols in quantum optics. The biggest obstacle to its wider use is presently represented by the limited set of tools available for its control and manipulation. Here, we introduce and test experimentally a series of simple optical schemes for the coherent transfer of quantum information from the polarization to the orbital angular momentum of single photons and vice versa. All our schemes exploit a newly developed optical device, the so-called "q-plate", which enables the manipulation of the photon orbital angular momentum driven by the polarization degree of freedom. By stacking several q-plates in a suitable sequence, one can also have access to higher-order angular momentum subspaces. In particular, we demonstrate the control of the orbital angular momentum m degree of freedom within the subspaces of |m| = 2h and |m| = 4h per photon.
The orbital angular momentum of light (OAM) provides a promising approach for the implementation of multidimensional states (qudits) for quantum-information purposes. In order to characterize the degradation undergone by the information content of qubits encoded in a bidimensional subspace of the orbital angular momentum degree of freedom of photons, we study how the state fidelity is affected by a transverse obstruction placed along the propagation direction of the light beam. Emphasis is placed on the effects of planar and radial hard-edged aperture functions on the state fidelity of Laguerre-Gaussian transverse modes and the entanglement properties of polarization-OAM hybrid-entangled photon pairs.
Entanglement in high-dimensional quantum systems, where one or more degrees of freedom of light are involved, offers increased information capacities and enables new quantum protocols.Here, we demonstrate a functional source of high-dimensional, noise-resilient hyperentangled states encoded in time-frequency and vector vortex structured modes, which in turn carry single-particle entanglement between polarization and orbital angular momentum.Pairing nonlinearity-engineered parametric downconversion in an interferometric scheme with spin-to-orbital-angular-momentum conversion, we generate highly entangled photon pairs at telecom wavelength that we characterize via two-photon interference and quantum state tomography, achieving near-unity visibilities and fidelities.While hyperentanglement has been demonstrated before in photonic qubits, here we present a rich entanglement structure involving spectrally and spatially structured light, where three different forms of entanglement coexist in the same biphoton state.