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arXiv:quant-ph/0110055 · Physical Review A

de Broglie wavelength reduction for a multiphoton wave packet

Ole Steuernagel

Published Feb 26, 2002• 25 citations
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Abstract

An experiment is proposed that permits the observation of the reduced de Broglie wavelengths of two- and four-photon wave packets using present technology. It is suggested to use a Mach-Zehnder setup and feed both input ports with light generated by a single nondegenerate down-conversion source. The strong quantum correlations of the light in conjunction with boson enhancement at the input beam splitter allow us to detect a two- and fourfold decrease in the observed de Broglie wavelength with perfect visibility. This allows a reduction of the observed de Broglie wavelength below the wavelength of the source.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.65.033820

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An experiment is proposed that permits the observation of the reduced de Broglie wavelengths of two- and four-photon wave packets using present technology. It is suggested to use a Mach-Zehnder setup and feed both input ports with light generated by a single nondegenerate down-conversion source. The strong quantum correlations of the light in conjunction with boson enhancement at the input beam splitter allow us to detect a two- and fourfold decrease in the observed de Broglie wavelength with perfect visibility. This allows a reduction of the observed de Broglie wavelength below the wavelength of the source.
Twofold reduced de Broglie wavelengths have been observed in two-photon interference experiments. With present technology it should be possible to observe a fourfold reduction when using a four-photon state from spontaneous parametric down-conversion. It is proposed to use a Mach–Zehnder set-up, which shows boson enhancement at the input beamsplitter and thus allows us to circumvent fourth-order non-linearities which would be necessary otherwise. The fourfold decrease in the observed de Broglie wavelength with perfect visibility is in principle achievable. This constitutes a reduction of the observed de Broglie wavelength below the wavelength of the generating source.
A fourth-order Young interference experiment was done to demonstrate a practical way to measure the de Broglie wavelength of a two-photon wave packet. A two-photon collinear beam is generated by type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion. By modifying the transverse field profile of the pump laser beam that generates the two-photon beam we demonstrate that it is possible to measure the de Broglie wavelength of the single-photon constituents of the two-photon wave packet, the de Broglie wavelength of the two-photon wave packet as a whole and an ill defined intermediate de Broglie wavelength between the two cases.
Summary form only given. Recently, Jacobson et al. ( see Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.74, p. 4835 (1995)) proposed the concept of "photonic de Broglie wave" in multiphoton states. They argued that the photonic de Broglie wavelength of an ensemble of photons with wavelength /spl lambda//sub 0/ and average number of photons N can be measured using a special interferometer with "effective beam splitters" that do not split the multiphoton states into constituent photons. Fonseca et al. see Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 82, p. 2868 (1999)) measured the photonic de Broglie wavelength of a two-photon state ("biphoton") using a kind of Young's interferometer. We propose and demonstrate the measurement of photonic de Broglie wavelength of biphotons generated by parametric down-conversion utilizing the usual Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
We propose an experiment that permits observation of the de Broglie two-photon wave packet behavior for a pair of photons, using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. It is based on the use of pulsed lasers to generate pairs of photons via spontaneous parametric down-conversion and the post-selection of events. It differs from previous realizations by the use of a third time-correlated photon to engineer the state of the photons. The same technique can give us which-path information via an ``interaction-free'' experiment and can be used in other experiments on the foundations of quantum mechanics related to wave-particle duality and to nonlocality.