Conventions in Relativity Theory and Quantum Mechanics

Joginder Singh Galsin

Diederik Aerts, Sven Aerts

Eizo Nakaza

Conventional relativity places four-dimensional spacetime connected by Lorentz transformations, and fourdimensional spacetime curved by gravity, at the foundation of physical spacetime, whereas quantum mechanics places Hilbert space at the foundation of state description. As long as these two structures are simultaneously treated as fundamental realities, relativistic quantum theory and quantum gravity must begin with the problem of how a dynamically curved spacetime is to be quantized and made consistent with Hilbert-space states. Nakaza New Relativity Theory (NNRT) changes this very point of departure. NNRT takes universal time and universal three-dimensional space as physical spacetime and connects the real motions of all inertial systems by the Galilean Transformation (GT), while relocating the Lorentz transformation, time dilation, length contraction, and the gravitational metric to the observational and measurement layer obtained through electromagnetic phase. The successful mathematics and experimental values of conventional relativity are therefore retained, but the ontology in which curved and deformable four-dimensional spacetime is the unique physical spacetime is not retained. This paper uses NNRT as a new entry into quantum mechanics and repositions Hilbert space not as physical space, but as a mathematical representation space that preserves states, phases, probabilities, and correlations. Using the atomic clock as a concrete example, the paper further presents a continuous observational chain in which quantum levels generate a frequency scale and the resulting phase signal is compared between systems through relative motion and gravitational fields. Accordingly, the conventional entry point—how to quantize a physically real curved four-dimensional spacetime and incorporate it into Hilbert space—loses its premise within NNRT, and quantum theory and relativity are reconstructed as distinct representational and observational structures arising from a common universal physical spacetime. Schrödinger’s cat, EPR/Bell correlations, time dilation, length contraction, the twin problem, and the reification of the gravitational metric can then be organized as manifestations of a common ontological operation: identifying a mathematical representation with physical reality itself. The significance of this paper is therefore not to add another interpretation alongside conventional relativity, but to absorb its successful mathematics into the observational layer of NNRT and, by turning the ontological point of departure, to provide a new formulation of foundational problems that includes quantum mechanics.

James Tan

Hugh Everett

The task of quantizing general relativity raises serious questions about the meaning of the present formulation and interpretation of quantum mechanics when applied to so fundamental a structure as the space-time geometry itself. This paper seeks to clarify the foundations of quantum mechanics. It presents a reformulation of quantum theory in a form believed suitable for application to general relativity. The aim is not to deny or contradict the conventional formulation of quantum theory, which has demonstrated its usefulness in an overwhelming variety of problems, but rather to supply a new, more general and complete formulation, from which the conventional interpretation can be deduced. The relationship of this new formulation to the older formulation is therefore that of a metatheory to a theory, that is, it is an underlying theory in which the nature and consistency, as well as the realm of applicability, of the older theory can be investigated and clarified.