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arXiv:quant-ph/0108120

Quantization of Non-Hamiltonian Systems

Vasily Evgenevich Tarasov

Published Aug 28, 2001• 6 citations
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Abstract

In this paper a generalization of Weyl quantization which maps a dynamical operator in a function space to a dynamical superoperator in an operator space is suggested. Quantization of dynamical operator, which cannot be represented as Poisson bracket with some function, is considered. The usual Weyl quantization of observables can be derived as a specific case of suggested quantization if dynamical operator is an operator of multiplication on a function. This approach allows to define consistent Weyl quantization of non-Hamiltonian and dissipative systems. Examples of the harmonic oscillator with friction and a system which evolves by Fokker-Planck-type equation are considered.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0108120

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We propose a new method of quantization of a wide class of dynamical systems that originates directly from the equations of motion. The method is based on the correspondence between the classical and the quantum Poisson brackets, postulated by Dirac. This correspondence applied to open (non-Hamiltonian) systems allows one to point out the way of transition from the quantum description based on the Lindblad equation to the dynamical description of their classical analogs by the equations of motion and vice versa. As the examples of using of the method we describe the procedure of the quantization of three widely considered dynamical systems: (1) the harmonic oscillator with friction, (2) the oscillator with a nonlinear damping that simulates the process of the emergence of the limit cycle, and (3) the system of two periodic rotators with a weak interaction that synchronizes their oscillations. We discuss a possible application of the method for a description of quantum fluctuations in Josephson junctions with a strong damping and for the quantization of open magnetic systems with a dissipation and a pumping.
A simple pseudo-Hamiltonian formulation is proposed for the linear inhomogeneous systems of ODEs. In contrast to the usual Hamiltonian mechanics, our approach is based on the use of a non-stationary Poisson bracket, i.e. the corresponding Poisson tensor is allowed to explicitly depend on time. Starting from this pseudo-Hamiltonian formulation, we develop a consistent deformation quantization procedure involving a non-stationary star-product ∗ t and an 'extended' operator of time derivative D t = ∂ t + ⋅⋅⋅, differentiating the ∗ t -product. As in the usual case, the ∗ t -algebra of physical observables is shown to admit an essentially unique (time-dependent) trace functional Tr t . Using these ingredients, we construct a complete and fully consistent quantum-mechanical description for any linear dynamical system with or without dissipation. The general quantization method is exemplified by the models of damped oscillator and radiating point charge.
We show that any rule for quantization of functions on the phase space of a dynamical system is equivalent to a deformation of the Poisson bracket, in the sense of Lie algebras. All Schrödinger-type quantizations are equivalent mathematically but not physically. We examine whether a quantization rule exists in which the Poisson bracket of the free Hamiltonian and any function not more than quadratic in momentum gets quantized into the commutator of the quantized versions of these two observables. We show that if the (Riemannian) configuration manifold is irreducible, this condition uniquely specifies the quantization of these functions, in the cases when it can be satisfied. However, it can only be satisfied for systems whose configuration manifolds are one-dimensional, or have vanishing Ricci tensor, or are spaces of constant curvature. Thus the condition will not serve as a general physical principle which could be invoked to fix a quantization rule.
A simple pseudo-Hamiltonian formulation is proposed for the linear inhomogeneous systems of ODEs. In contrast to the usual Hamiltonian mechanics, our approach is based on the use of non-stationary Poisson brackets, i.e. corresponding Poisson tensor is allowed to explicitly depend on time. Starting from this pseudo-Hamiltonian formulation we develop a consistent deformation quantization procedure involving a non-stationary star-product ∗t*_t∗t​ and an ``extended'' operator of time derivative Dt=partialt+...D_t=\\partial_t+...Dt​=partialt​+..., differentiating the astt\\ast_tastt​-product. As in the usual case, the astt\\ast_tastt​-algebra of physical observables is shown to admit an essentially unique (time dependent) trace functional mathrmTrt\\mathrm{Tr}_tmathrmTrt​. Using these ingredients we construct a complete and fully consistent quantum-mechanical description for any linear dynamical system with or without dissipation. The general quantization method is exemplified by the models of damped oscillator and radiating point charge.
Nambu's construction of multi-linear brackets for super-integrable systems can be thought of as degenerate Poisson brackets with a maximal set of Casimirs in their kernel. By introducing privileged coordinates in phase space these degenerate Poisson brackets are brought to the form of Heisenberg's equations. We propose a definition for constructing quantum operators for classical functions, which enables us to turn the maximally degenerate Poisson brackets into operators. They pose a set of eigenvalue problems for a new state vector. The requirement of the single-valuedness of this eigenfunction leads to quantization. The example of the harmonic oscillator is used to illustrate this general procedure for quantizing a class of maximally super-integrable systems.