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arXiv:quant-ph/0107075 · Physical Review Letters

Coherent Atom Interactions Mediated by Dark-State Polaritons

Axel André, L.-M. Duan, Mikhail D. Lukin

Published May 31, 2002• 48 citations
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Abstract

We suggest a technique to induce effective, controllable interactions between atoms that is based on Raman scattering into an optical mode propagating with a slow group velocity. The resulting excitation corresponds to the creation of spin-flipped atomic pairs in a way that is analogous to correlated photon emission in optical parametric amplification. The technique can be used for fast generation of entangled atomic ensembles, spin squeezing, and applications in quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.88.243602

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We suggest a technique to induce effective, controllable interactions between atoms that is based on Raman scattering into an optical mode propagating with a slow group velocity. The resulting excitation corresponds to the creation of spin-flipped atomic pairs in a way that is analogous to correlated photon emission in optical parametric amplification. The technique can be used for fast generation of entangled atomic ensembles, spin squeezing, and applications in quantum information processing.
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We report direct observations of photon-mediated spin-exchange interactions in an atomic ensemble. Interactions extending over a distance of 500 μm are generated within a cloud of cold rubidium atoms coupled to a single mode of light in an optical resonator. We characterize the system via quench dynamics and imaging of the local magnetization, verifying the coherence of the interactions and demonstrating optical control of their strength and sign. Furthermore, by initializing the spin-1 system in the m_{f}=0 Zeeman state, we observe correlated pair creation in the m_{f}=±1 states, a process analogous to spontaneous parametric down-conversion and to spin mixing in Bose-Einstein condensates. Our work opens new opportunities in quantum simulation with long-range interactions and in entanglement-enhanced metrology.
We describe a general technique that allows for an ideal transfer of quantum correlations between light fields and metastable states of matter. The technique is based on trapping quantum states of photons in coherently driven atomic media, in which the group velocity is adiabatically reduced to zero. We discuss possible applications such as quantum state memories, generation of squeezed atomic states, preparation of entangled atomic ensembles, quantum information processing, and quantum networking.
An ideal and reversible transfer technique for the quantum state between light and metastable collective states of matter is presented and analyzed in detail. The method is based on the control of photon propagation in coherently driven three-level atomic media, in which the group velocity is adiabatically reduced to zero. Form-stable coupled excitations of light and matter (``dark-state polaritons'') associated with the propagation of quantum fields in electromagnetically induced transparency are identified, their basic properties discussed and their application for quantum memories for light analyzed.
We describe the mechanism of squeezing and entanglement in the ground-state spin subsystems of macroscopic atomic ensembles via the process of stimulated cooperative Raman-type scattering of correlated photon pairs. This mechanism is analogous to common optical pumping techniques normally used for depopulation of Zeeman sublevels in macroscopic atomic ensembles. We show that, by the excitation of atoms, oriented in their angular momenta, with nonclassical light consisting of a rare flux of strongly correlated photon pairs, essential correlations in the macroscopic spin fluctuations can be transferred and accumulated. In turn this leads to squeezing or entanglement in the quasispin (alignment) subsystems of macroscopic ensembles. We discuss in particular a scheme for an interferometer that would be available for the control or teleportation of quantum states created in quasispin subsystems. Such squeezed and entangled states can be stored in long-lived spin subsystems and can be further used in quantum information protocols based on the continuous variable technique.
We identify form-stable coupled excitations of light and matter ("dark-state polaritons") associated with the propagation of quantum fields in electromagnetically induced transparency. The properties of dark-state polaritons such as the group velocity are determined by the mixing angle between light and matter components and can be controlled by an external coherent field as the pulse propagates. In particular, light pulses can be decelerated and "trapped" in which case their shape and quantum state are mapped onto metastable collective states of matter. Possible applications of this reversible coherent-control technique are discussed.