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arXiv:quant-ph/0105148

Generation of bright squeezed light at 1.06 $μm$ using cascaded non-linearities in a triply resonant c.w. PPLN OPO

Zhang, K. S., T. Coudreau, M. Martinelli, Agnès Maître, Claude Fabre

Published May 30, 2001• 0 citations
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Abstract

We have used an ultra-low threshold continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) to reduce the quantum fluctuations of the reflected pump beam below the shot noise limit. The OPO consisted of a triply resonant cavity containing a Periodically-Poled Lithium Niobate crystal pumped by a Nd:YAG laser and giving signal and idler wavelengths close to 2.12 microns and a threshold as low as 300 microwatts. We detected the quantum fluctuations of the pump beam reflected by the OPO using a slightly modified homodyne detection technique. The measured noise reduction was 30 % (inferred noise reduction at the output of the OPO 38 %).

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0105148

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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1988•0 citations
Generation of bright squeezed light at 1.06 μmμmμm using cascaded non-linearities in a triply resonant c.w. PPLN OPO
We have used an ultra-low threshold continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) to reduce the quantum fluctuations of the reflected pump beam below the shot noise limit. The OPO consisted of a triply resonant cavity containing a Periodically-Poled Lithium Niobate crystal pumped by a Nd:YAG laser and giving signal and idler wavelengths close to 2.12 microns and a threshold as low as 300 microwatts. We detected the quantum fluctuations of the pump beam reflected by the OPO using a slightly modified homodyne detection technique. The measured noise reduction was 30 % (inferred noise reduction at the output of the OPO 38 %).
We have used an ultralow threshold continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator (OPO) to reduce the quantum fluctuations of the reflected pump beam below the shot noise limit. The OPO consisted of a triply resonant cavity containing a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal pumped by a Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnets) laser and giving signal and idler wavelengths close to $2.12\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ and a threshold as low as $300\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{W}.$ We detected the quantum fluctuations of the pump beam reflected by the OPO using a slightly modified homodyne detection technique. The measured noise reduction was 3030%30 (inferred noise reduction at the output of the OPO 3838%).38
Summary form only given. Quasi-phase matched crystals are very promising materials for nonlinear optics because of their high nonlinear coefficient. We have built a CW triply resonant OPO using a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. It is pumped at 1.06 /spl mu/m and produces signal and idler beams around degeneracy in the range 2-2.3 /spl mu/m. Tunability is achieved by mode hopping when the temperature is varied. This device has an ultra-low threshold of 300 /spl mu/W. It can be operated in a stable way over long period of time. Due to the so-called cascaded nonlinearities, OPO can efficiently reduce the fluctuations of the pump beam reflected by the cavity without reducing too much its intensity. We have been able to measure on the reflected pump beam a noise reduction of 30% (not corrected for detection efficiency), corresponding to 38% reduction of the quantum fluctuations below shot noise at 4 times above threshold. Our set-up constitutes an efficient and simple quantum noise eater for laser beam around 1 /spl mu/m in the mW range.
A 106μm all-solid-state single frequency Nd∶YVO4 laser was explored to pump a triply resonant optical parametrie oscillator(OPO) based on the periodically poled lithium niobate. When the OPO operated near degeneracy, the amplitude fluctuation correlation of the signal and idler modes was observed as their wavelengths were separated about 200nm. The measured squeezing is 04dB. The amplitude fluctuation correlation existed in a range of 17nm as we tuned the wavelengths of the signal and idler by change the crystal temperature.
A single-frequency optical parametric oscillator (OPO) operating in the wavelength range around 2 µm is reported. The OPO comprises a periodically poled LiNbO 3 (PPLN) crystal for quasi-phase matching and a four-mirror ring-cavity resonant to the signal. The OPO signal and idler are tuned from 1.89 to 2.05 µm and from 2.21 to 2.42 µm, respectively, by changing the crystal temperature. Output powers in excess of 2 W are demonstrated at a pump power of 9 W for both the signal and idler over all of the respective tuning ranges. A detailed characterization of the intensity and frequency noise is presented. The OPO exhibits an integrated intensity noise below 0.1% and a linewidth of ∼58 kHz for an observation time of 1 ms. The reported performance makes this source an ideal candidate for the generation of squeezed light around 2 µm via cascaded second-harmonic generation (SHG) and parametric downconversion (PDC).
We have constructed a mode-locked optical parametric oscillator (OPO), synchronously pumped by the second harmonic of a continuously mode-locked Nd:YAG laser and based on type II phase matching in a KTP crystal. The two subharmonics (signal and idler waves) are nearly degenerate in frequency but are distinct orthogonal polarization states, and the oscillator is thus a nondegenerate OPO. Above threshold, the intensities of the signal and idler output beams should be highly correlated, as recently demonstrated for a similar single-frequency OPO.1 Ideally, the quantum noise on the corresponding photocurrent difference signal is completely suppressed for frequencies that are small compared to the OPO cavity bandwidth. Since this configuration produces intense light beams with potentially very good noise suppression, it is an important prototype for possible applications, e.g., to spectroscopy. Initial results with our OPO show an excess uncorrelated polarization noise, possibly due to depolarized light scattering in the KTP crystal. When the OPO cavity is stabilized with the signal and idler degenerate in frequency, they can be mixed to form a superposition by manipulating their polarization. When the oscillator is pumped below threshold, a pulsed squeezed vacuum state is produced in two such mixtures.2 When the polarizations are mixed inside the OPO cavity by a Faraday rotator, the backaction evasion necessary for a quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement of one of the field quadratures of an externally injected beam is obtained.3 The pulsed local oscillator used in observing the squeezing or QND effects is derived from the fundamental output of the pump laser. Progress in implementing these experiments with our mode-locked OPO is described as well as possible applications to time-domain measurements with noise below the shot-noise limit.