Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:quant-ph/0102060 · Physical Review A

Quantum key distribution scheme with orthogonal product states

Guo‐Ping Guo, Chuan‐Feng Li, Bao‐Sen Shi, Jian Li, Guang‐Can Guo

Published Sep 6, 2001• 74 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The general conditions for the orthogonal product states of the multistate systems to be used in quantum key distribution (QKD) are proposed, and a novel QKD scheme with orthogonal product states in the $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3$ Hilbert space is presented. We show that this protocol has many distinct features such as great capacity and high efficiency. The generalization to $n\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}n$ systems is also discussed and an asymptotic limit of 1/2 for the eavesdropper's success probability is obtained.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.64.042301

Related papers

An efficient two-step quantum key distribution protocol with orthogonal product states

Yu‐Guang Yang, Wen Qiao-yan, Fu-Chen Zhu

An efficient two-step quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol with orthogonal product states in the n ⊗ n ( n ⩾3) Hilbert space is presented. In this protocol, the particles in the orthogonal product states form two particle sequences. The sender, Alice, first sends one sequence to the receiver, Bob. After Bob receives the first particle sequence, Alice and Bob check eavesdropping by measuring a fraction of particles randomly chosen. After ensuring the security of the quantum channel, Alice sends the other particle sequence to Bob. By making an orthogonal measurement on the two particle sequences, Bob can obtain the information of the orthogonal product states sent by Alice. This protocol has many distinct features such as great capacity, high efficiency in that it uses all orthogonal product states in distributing the key except those chosen for checking eavesdroppers.

Chinese Physics•Mar 20, 2007•18 citations

An efficient quantum key distribution protocol with orthogonal product states

Yu‐Guang Yang, Wen Qiao-yan

An efficient quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol with orthogonal product states in the 3 ⊗ 3 Hilbert space is presented. The sender, Alice, disorders the orthogonal product state sequence and sends it to Bob. After Alice has published the matching information of the particle sequence, Bob recovers the correct correspondences and makes an orthogonal measurement on the orthogonal product states to obtain the information sent by Alice. Finally, security analysis is also made.

Chinese Physics•Aug 1, 2007•2 citations

An Efficient High Capacity Quantum Key Distribution Scheme

Gui‐Lu Long, Xiao Shu Liu

A novel secure quantum key distribution scheme using EPR pairs is presented. It has three distinct features: 1) it is very efficient. Unlike existing quantum key distribution schemes, this scheme uses all EPR pairs in distributing the key except those chosen for checking eavesdroppers; 2) this protocol has high capacity because each EPR pair carries 2 bits of key code while existing schemes carry only one bit of key code; 3) this scheme can be used for distributing a common key among arbitrary number of parties.

•Dec 13, 2000•2 citations

A novel quantum key distribution scheme with unextendible product basis and exact entanglement basis

Yu‐Guang Yang, Wen Qiao-yan, Fu-Chen Zhu +1 more

A novel quantum key distribution scheme with unextendible product basis and exact entanglement basis in the 33 Hilbert space is proposed. The probability of successful eavesdropping by the eavesdropper is also analysed. This scheme has many distinct features such as great capacity, high efficiency.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2005•7 citations

Quantum Key Distribution Protocol Using Orthogonal Product Quantum States

Dexi Zhang

Quantum key distribution is the most secure technology to distribute a secret key. There is a set of orthogonal product states in a two-qubit three-state quantum system which can show nonlocality. This paper provides a quantum key distribution protocol based otn the nonlocality of such system. The two parties establish the key by exchanging quantum qubits and performing the collective measurement on them. The laws of quantum mechanics guarantee that this protocol is unconditionally secure. No other people can get the key without being found. There are no entangled states and quantum operations needed in the protocol. So it is easier to carry out in practice. And it can gain high reliability and robustness.

•Jan 1, 2008•2 citations

Quantum key distribution using unknown quantum states

Dawei Guo, Wen‐Hai Zhang

This paper proposes a version of quantum key distribution (QKD) by leveraging unknown quantum states. The measurement made on the unknown quantum states is independent of them. As the number of copies of the unknown states increases, the key rate increases, and the disturbance caused by an eavesdropper also increases synchronously. If the unknown quantum states are orthogonal to each other, they cannot be completely distinguished. Our scheme is more efficient than the previous scenarios in QKD, where a set of known quantum states are leveraged. Our work offers a theoretical groundwork for constructing a highly effective QKD by exploiting unknown quantum states.

AIP Advances•Jun 1, 2025•0 citations
The general conditions for the orthogonal product states of the multistate systems to be used in quantum key distribution (QKD) are proposed, and a novel QKD scheme with orthogonal product states in the 3\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi33\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}33\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi3 Hilbert space is presented. We show that this protocol has many distinct features such as great capacity and high efficiency. The generalization to n\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\finn\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}nn\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fin systems is also discussed and an asymptotic limit of 1/2 for the eavesdropper's success probability is obtained.
An efficient two-step quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol with orthogonal product states in the n ⊗ n ( n ⩾3) Hilbert space is presented. In this protocol, the particles in the orthogonal product states form two particle sequences. The sender, Alice, first sends one sequence to the receiver, Bob. After Bob receives the first particle sequence, Alice and Bob check eavesdropping by measuring a fraction of particles randomly chosen. After ensuring the security of the quantum channel, Alice sends the other particle sequence to Bob. By making an orthogonal measurement on the two particle sequences, Bob can obtain the information of the orthogonal product states sent by Alice. This protocol has many distinct features such as great capacity, high efficiency in that it uses all orthogonal product states in distributing the key except those chosen for checking eavesdroppers.
A novel secure quantum key distribution scheme using EPR pairs is presented. It has three distinct features: 1) it is very efficient. Unlike existing quantum key distribution schemes, this scheme uses all EPR pairs in distributing the key except those chosen for checking eavesdroppers; 2) this protocol has high capacity because each EPR pair carries 2 bits of key code while existing schemes carry only one bit of key code; 3) this scheme can be used for distributing a common key among arbitrary number of parties.
Quantum key distribution is the most secure technology to distribute a secret key. There is a set of orthogonal product states in a two-qubit three-state quantum system which can show nonlocality. This paper provides a quantum key distribution protocol based otn the nonlocality of such system. The two parties establish the key by exchanging quantum qubits and performing the collective measurement on them. The laws of quantum mechanics guarantee that this protocol is unconditionally secure. No other people can get the key without being found. There are no entangled states and quantum operations needed in the protocol. So it is easier to carry out in practice. And it can gain high reliability and robustness.
This paper proposes a version of quantum key distribution (QKD) by leveraging unknown quantum states. The measurement made on the unknown quantum states is independent of them. As the number of copies of the unknown states increases, the key rate increases, and the disturbance caused by an eavesdropper also increases synchronously. If the unknown quantum states are orthogonal to each other, they cannot be completely distinguished. Our scheme is more efficient than the previous scenarios in QKD, where a set of known quantum states are leveraged. Our work offers a theoretical groundwork for constructing a highly effective QKD by exploiting unknown quantum states.