On 14 December 1900 Max Planck first formulated the idea of energy quanta related to a new universal constant now known as Planck's constant. Despite the following progress of thus initiated "quantum mechanics", the physical origin of both quantization and universality of Planck's constant remains mysterious, as well as other "peculiar" properties of quantum dynamics. In this paper we review a recent causal extension of quantum mechanics consistently explaining all its "mysteries" by irreducibly complex, "dynamically multivalued" behaviour of the underlying system of two interacting protofields (quant-ph/9902015, quant-ph/9902016). The theory contains no imposed postulates or entities except one, unavoidable assumption about the physical nature of the protofields. All the observed entities and their properties, starting from physically real space, time, and elementary particle structure, are consistently derived, in exact correspondence with their emergence in real, irreducibly complex system dynamics. The latter provides also natural (dynamic) unification of the causally extended versions of quantum mechanics, relativity, and field theory, including unification and causal understanding of particle interaction forces. Realism and wholeness of the obtained world picture are in agreement with the "absolute reality" quest of Max Planck and confirm his famous doubts about the conventional scheme of quantum mechanics (cf. quant-ph/9911107, quant-ph/0101129). We describe various applications of the obtained results providing successful solution to many fundamental and practical problems dangerously stagnating within conventional approaches.
On 14 December 1900 Max Planck first formulated the idea of energy quanta related to a new universal constant now known as Planck's constant. Despite the following progress of thus initiated "quantum mechanics", the physical origin of both quantization and universality of Planck's constant remains mysterious, as well as other "peculiar" properties of quantum dynamics. In this paper we review a recent causal extension of quantum mechanics consistently explaining all its "mysteries" by irreducibly complex, "dynamically multivalued" behaviour of the underlying system of two interacting protofields (quant-ph/9902015, quant-ph/9902016). The theory contains no imposed postulates or entities except one, unavoidable assumption about the physical nature of the protofields. All the observed entities and their properties, starting from physically real space, time, and elementary particle structure, are consistently derived, in exact correspondence with their emergence in real, irreducibly complex system dynamics. The latter provides also natural (dynamic) unification of the causally extended versions of quantum mechanics, relativity, and field theory, including unification and causal understanding of particle interaction forces. Realism and wholeness of the obtained world picture are in agreement with the "absolute reality" quest of Max Planck and confirm his famous doubts about the conventional scheme of quantum mechanics (cf. quant-ph/9911107, quant-ph/0101129). We describe various applications of the obtained results providing successful solution to many fundamental and practical problems dangerously stagnating within conventional approaches.
Following Max Planck's hypothesis of quanta (quant-ph/0012069) and the matter wave idea of Louis de Broglie (quant-ph/9911107), Erwin Schroedinger proposed, at the beginning of 1926, the concept of wavefunction and wave equation for it. Though endowed with a realistic undular interpretation by its father, the wavefunction could not be considered as a real "matter wave" and has been provided with only abstract, formally probabilistic interpretation. In this paper we show how the resulting "mysteries" of usual theory are solved within the unreduced, dynamically multivalued description of the underlying, essentially nonlinear interaction process (quant-ph/9902015, quant-ph/9902016), without artificial modification of the Schroedinger equation. The latter is rigorously derived instead as universal expression of unreduced interaction complexity. Causal, totally realistic wavefunction is obtained as a dynamically probabilistic intermediate state of a simple system with interaction performing dynamically discrete transitions between its localised, incompatible "realisations" ("corpuscular" states). Causal wavefunction and Schroedinger equation are then extended to arbitrary level of world dynamics. We outline some applications of the obtained causal description, such as genuine quantum chaos (quant-ph/9511034-36) and realistic quantum devices (physics/0211071), and emphasize the basic difference of the proposed dynamically multivalued theory from dynamically single-valued imitations of causality and complexity. The causally complete wavefunction concept, representing the unified essence of unreduced (multivalued) complex dynamics, provides a clear distinctive feature of realistic science, absent in any its unitary imitation.
This report provides a brief review of recently developed extended framework for fundamental physics, designated as Quantum Field Mechanics and including causally complete and intrinsically unified theory of explicitly emerging elementary particles, their inherent properties, quantum and relativistic behaviour, interactions and their results. Essential progress with respect to usual theory is attained due to the unreduced, nonperturbative analysis of arbitrary interaction process revealing a qualitatively new phenomenon of dynamic multivaluedness of interaction results and their dynamically entangled structure giving rise to universally defined dynamic complexity (physics/9806002) and absent in usual, always perturbative and dynamically single-valued models with the zero value of unreduced complexity (including substitutes used for "complexity", "chaoticity", "self-organisation", etc.). It is shown how the observed world structure, starting from elementary particles and their interactions, dynamically emerges from the unreduced interaction between two initially homogeneous, physically real protofields (quant-ph/9902015, quant-ph/9902016). In that way one avoids arbitrary imposition of abstract entities and unprovable postulates or "principles", let alone "mysteries", of conventional theory, which now obtain unified, consistent and realistic explanation in terms of unreduced dynamic complexity. We complete the description of fundamental world structure emergence and properties by an outline of experimental implications and resulting causally substantiated change of research strategy.
A system of two interacting protofields with generic parameters is unstable with respect to unceasing cycles of nonlinear squeeze (reduction) to randomly chosen centres and reverse extension which form the causally probabilistic process of quantum beat observed as elementary particle (quant-ph/9902015). Here we show that the emerging wave-particle duality, space, and time lead to the equations of special relativity and quantum mechanics thus providing their causal extension and unification. Relativistic inertial mass (energy) is universally defined as the temporal rate (frequency) of the chaotic quantum beat process(es). The same complex dynamical processes and mass account for universal gravitation, since any reduction event in the electromagnetic protofield involves also the (directly unobservable) gravitational protofield thus increasing its tension and influencing quantum beat frequencies of other particles. This complex dynamical mechanism of universal gravitation provides causal extension of general relativity intrinsically unified with causal quantum mechanics and special relativity, as well as physical origin and unification of all the four 'fundamental forces' (also gr-qc/9906077). The dynamic origin of the Dirac quantization rules is also revealed and used for the first-principles derivation of the Dirac and Schroedinger equations describing the same irreducibly complex, internally nonlinear interaction processes within field-particles and their simplest systems (quant-ph/9511034 - quant-ph/9511038). The classical, dynamically localised behaviour naturally emerges as a higher level of complexity appearing as formation of elementary bound systems (like atoms).
It is possible to completely explain all aspects of quantum mechanics by expressing the relations between physical properties in terms of complex conditional probabilities (Phys. Rev. A 89, 042115(2014)). These fully deterministic probabilities replace the classical notions of phase space geometries and continuous trajectories with a more accurate description that takes into account the role of dynamics in the emergence of reality. We can then understand why so many previous attempts to find a detailed explanation of quantum phenomena have failed: the assumption of a static reality breaks down when the interaction needed to obtain a real effect exceeds Planck`s constant. Beyond that limit, complex conditional probabilities are the only valid expression of the fundamental laws of physics.
A physically real wave associated with any moving particle and travelling in a surrounding material medium was introduced by Louis de Broglie in a series of short notes in 1923 and in a more complete form in his thesis defended in Paris on the 25th November 1924. This result, recognised by the Nobel Prize in 1929, gave rise to a major direction of "new physics" known today as "quantum mechanics". However, although such notions as "de Broglie wavelength" and "wave-particle duality" form the basis of the standard quantum theory, it actually only takes for granted (postulates) the formula for the particle wavelength and totally ignores the underlying causal, realistic and physically transparent picture of wave-particle dynamics outlined by Louis de Broglie in his thesis and further considerably developed in his later works, in the form of "double solution" and "hidden thermodynamics" theory. A price to pay for such rough deviation from the original de Broglian realism and consistency involves fundamental physics domination by purely abstract and mechanistically simplified schemes of formal symbols and rules that have led to a deep knowledge impasse justly described as "the end of science". However, a new, independent approach of "quantum field mechanics" (quant-ph/9902015, quant-ph/9902016, physics/0401164) created within the "universal science of complexity" (physics/9806002) provides many-sided confirmation and natural completion of de Broglie's "nonlinear wave mechanics", eliminating all its "difficult points" and reconstituting the causally complete, totally consistent and intrinsically unified picture of the real, complex micro-world dynamics directly extendible to all higher levels of unreduced world complexity.
The physical consequences of the analysis performed in Parts I-IV are outlined within a scheme of the complete quantum (wave) mechanics called quantum field mechanics and completing the original ideas of Louis de Broglie by the dynamic complexity concept. The total picture includes the formally complete description at the level of the "average" wave function of Schroedinger type that shows dynamically chaotic behaviour in the form of either quantum chaos (Parts I-III), or quantum measurement (Part IV) with causal indeterminacy and wave reduction. This level is only an approximation, though often sufficient, to a lower (and actually the lowest accessible) level of complexity containing the causally complete version of the unreduced, nonlinear "double solution" proposed by Louis de Broglie. The extended 'double solution with chaos' describes the state of a nonlinear material field and includes the unstable high-intensity "hump" moving chaotically within the embedding smooth wave (quant-ph/9902015,16). The involvement of chaos causally understood within the same concept of dynamic complexity (multivaluedness) provides, at this lower level, de Broglie's "hidden thermodynamics" now, however, without the necessity for any real "hidden thermostat". The chaotic reduction of the "piloting" Schroedinger wave, at the higher sublevel of complexity, conforms with the detailed 'wandering' of the virtual soliton at the lower sublevel. The proposed dynamic multivaluedness (redundance) paradigm serves as the basis for a self-consistent hierarchic picture of the world with a (high) non-zero complexity (and thus irreducible randomness), where the complete extension of quantum mechanics is causally interpreted as several lowest levels of complexity.