arXiv:physics/9909007 · Physical Review A

Simultaneous magneto-optical trapping of two lithium isotopes

M.‐O. Mewes, Gabriele Ferrari, Florian Schreck, Alice Sinatra, Christophe Salomon

Published Dec 8, 1999• 87 citations

Abstract

We confine $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}$ fermionic ${}^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ atoms simultaneously with $9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ bosonic ${}^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ atoms in a magneto-optical trap based on an all-semiconductor laser system. We optimize the two-isotope sample for sympathetic evaporative cooling. This is an essential step towards the production of a quantum-degenerate gas of fermionic lithium atoms.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.61.011403

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arXiv:physics/9909007 · Physical Review A

Simultaneous magneto-optical trapping of two lithium isotopes

M.‐O. Mewes, Gabriele Ferrari, Florian Schreck, Alice Sinatra, Christophe Salomon

Published Dec 8, 1999• 87 citations

arXiv HTML PDF

Abstract

We confine

4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}

fermionic

{}^{6}\mathrm{Li}

atoms simultaneously with

9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}

bosonic

{}^{7}\mathrm{Li}

atoms in a magneto-optical trap based on an all-semiconductor laser system. We optimize the two-isotope sample for sympathetic evaporative cooling. This is an essential step towards the production of a quantum-degenerate gas of fermionic lithium atoms.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.61.011403

Related papers

Sympathetic cooling of bosonic and fermionic lithium gases towards quantum degeneracy

Florian Schreck, G. Ferrari, Kristan L. Corwin +4 more

Sympathetic cooling of two atomic isotopes is experimentally investigated. Using forced evaporation of a bosonic ${}^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ gas in a magnetic trap, a sample of $1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ ${}^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ fermions has been sympathetically cooled to $9(3) \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K},$ corresponding to $2.2(0.8)$ times the Fermi temperature. The measured rate constant for two-body inelastic collisions of the ${}^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ $|2,2〉$ state at low magnetic field is ${1.0}_{\ensuremath{-}0.5}^{+0.8}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14} {\mathrm{cm}}^{3}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.$Sympathetic cooling of two atomic isotopes is experimentally investigated. Using forced evaporation of a bosonic ${}^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ gas in a magnetic trap, a sample of $1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ ${}^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ fermions has been sympathetically cooled to $9(3) \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K},$ corresponding to $2.2(0.8)$ times the Fermi temperature. The measured rate constant for two-body inelastic collisions of the ${}^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ $|2,2〉$ state at low magnetic field is ${1.0}_{\ensuremath{-}0.5}^{+0.8}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14} {\mathrm{cm}}^{3}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.$

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All-optical production of a lithium quantum gas using narrow-line laser cooling

P. M. Duarte, Russell Hart, J. M. Hitchcock +4 more

We have used the narrow $2{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3{P}_{3/2}$ transition in the ultraviolet (uv) to laser cool and magneto-optically trap (MOT) ${}^{6}$ Li atoms. Laser cooling of lithium is usually performed on the $2{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2{P}_{3/2}$ (D2) transition, and temperatures of $\ensuremath{\sim}$300 $\ensuremath{\mu}$K are typically achieved. The linewidth of the uv transition is seven times narrower than the D2 line, resulting in lower laser cooling temperatures. We demonstrate that a MOT operating on the uv transition reaches temperatures as low as 59 $\ensuremath{\mu}$K. Furthermore, we find that the light shift of the uv transition in an optical dipole trap at 1070 nm is small and blueshifted, facilitating efficient loading from the uv MOT. Evaporative cooling of a two spin-state mixture of ${}^{6}$ Li in the optical trap produces a quantum degenerate Fermi gas with $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ atoms in a total cycle time of only 11 s.We have used the narrow $2{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3{P}_{3/2}$ transition in the ultraviolet (uv) to laser cool and magneto-optically trap (MOT) ${}^{6}$Li atoms. Laser cooling of lithium is usually performed on the $2{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2{P}_{3/2}$ (D2) transition, and temperatures of $\ensuremath{\sim}$300 $\ensuremath{\mu}$K are typically achieved. The linewidth of the uv transition is seven times narrower than the D2 line, resulting in lower laser cooling temperatures. We demonstrate that a MOT operating on the uv transition reaches temperatures as low as 59 $\ensuremath{\mu}$K. Furthermore, we find that the light shift of the uv transition in an optical dipole trap at 1070 nm is small and blueshifted, facilitating efficient loading from the uv MOT. Evaporative cooling of a two spin-state mixture of ${}^{6}$Li in the optical trap produces a quantum degenerate Fermi gas with $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ atoms in a total cycle time of only 11 s.

arXiv:1109.6635Physical Review ADec 21, 2011112 citations

We confine

4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}

fermionic

{}^{6}\mathrm{Li}

atoms simultaneously with

9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}

bosonic

{}^{7}\mathrm{Li}

Sympathetic cooling of two atomic isotopes is experimentally investigated. Using forced evaporation of a bosonic

{}^{7}\mathrm{Li}

gas in a magnetic trap, a sample of $1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$

{}^{6}\mathrm{Li}

fermions has been sympathetically cooled to $9(3) \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K},$ corresponding to

2.2(0.8)

times the Fermi temperature. The measured rate constant for two-body inelastic collisions of the

{}^{7}\mathrm{Li}

|2,2〉

state at low magnetic field is ${1.0}_{\ensuremath{-}0.5}^{+0.8}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14} {\mathrm{cm}}^{3}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.$

We report on the simultaneous trapping of two fermionic species,

^{6}\mathrm{Li}

and

^{40}\mathrm{K}

, and a bosonic species,

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

, demonstrating the first three-species magneto-optical trap (``triple MOT''). The apparatus including the atom sources and the three laser systems is described, and the single-species MOTs and the triple MOT are characterized. In triple MOT operation, typical atom numbers of $3.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ for

^{6}\mathrm{Li}

, $1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ for

^{40}\mathrm{K}

, and $5.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ for

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

were achieved. Trap loss due to interspecies collisions was observed. We describe our way to optimize the triple MOT and turn it into a suitable source for the goal to achieve quantum degeneracy by evaporative and sympathetic cooling.

We have successfully implemented the first simultaneous magneto-optical trapping (MOT) of lithium (

^6

Li) and ytterbium (

^{174}

Yb) atoms, towards production of ultracold polar molecules of LiYb. For this purpose, we developed the dual atomic oven which contains both atomic species as an atom source and successfully observed the spectra of the Li and Yb atoms in the atomic beams from the dual atomic oven. We constructed the vacuum chamber including the glass cell with the windows made of zinc selenium (ZnSe) for the CO

_2

lasers, which are the useful light sources of optical trapping for evaporative and sympathetic cooling. Typical atom numbers and temperatures in the compressed MOT are 7

\times10^3

atoms, 640

\mu

K for

^6

Li, 7

\times10^4

atoms and 60

\mu

K for

^{174}

Yb, respectively.

We have used the narrow $2{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3{P}_{3/2}$ transition in the ultraviolet (uv) to laser cool and magneto-optically trap (MOT)

{}^{6}

Li atoms. Laser cooling of lithium is usually performed on the $2{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2{P}_{3/2}$ (D2) transition, and temperatures of $\ensuremath{\sim}$300 $\ensuremath{\mu}$K are typically achieved. The linewidth of the uv transition is seven times narrower than the D2 line, resulting in lower laser cooling temperatures. We demonstrate that a MOT operating on the uv transition reaches temperatures as low as 59 $\ensuremath{\mu}$K. Furthermore, we find that the light shift of the uv transition in an optical dipole trap at 1070 nm is small and blueshifted, facilitating efficient loading from the uv MOT. Evaporative cooling of a two spin-state mixture of

{}^{6}

Li in the optical trap produces a quantum degenerate Fermi gas with $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ atoms in a total cycle time of only 11 s.