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Chinese Physics Letters

Simultaneous Magneto-Optical Trapping of Fermionic 40 K and Bosonic 87 Rb Atoms

Wei Dong, Xiong De-Zhi, Haixia Chen, Pengjun Wang, Guoxing Lu, Jing Zhang

Published Jun 1, 2007• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on simultaneous magneto-optical trapping of fermionic 40 K and bosonic 87 Rb atoms. This trap is the first step towards quantum degenerate fermi gas 40 K. Laser lights for the two-species magneto-optical trap (MOT) are generated from diode lasers and tapered amplifier. The enriched 40 K dispenser is utilized in the experimental setup. We obtain up to 10 7 ~10 8 40 K and 10 8 ~10 9 87 Rb atoms respectively in the steady-state single-species MOT.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/24/6/030

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We report on simultaneous magneto-optical trapping of fermionic 40 K and bosonic 87 Rb atoms. This trap is the first step towards quantum degenerate fermi gas 40 K. Laser lights for the two-species magneto-optical trap (MOT) are generated from diode lasers and tapered amplifier. The enriched 40 K dispenser is utilized in the experimental setup. We obtain up to 10 7 ~10 8 40 K and 10 8 ~10 9 87 Rb atoms respectively in the steady-state single-species MOT.
We trap and cool a gas composed of 40K{}^{40}\mathrm{K}40K and 87Rb,{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb},87Rb, using a two-species magneto-optical trap (MOT). This trap represents the first step towards cooling the Bose-Fermi mixture to quantum degeneracy. Laser light for the MOT is derived from laser diodes and amplified with a single high-power semiconductor amplifier chip. The four-color laser system is described, and the single-species and two-species MOTs are characterized. Atom numbers of $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ 40K{}^{40}\mathrm{K}40K and $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb are trapped in the two-species MOT. Observation of trap loss due to collisions between species is presented and future prospects for the experiment are discussed.
We report on the simultaneous trapping of two fermionic species, 6Li^{6}\mathrm{Li}6Li and 40K^{40}\mathrm{K}40K, and a bosonic species, 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb, demonstrating the first three-species magneto-optical trap (``triple MOT''). The apparatus including the atom sources and the three laser systems is described, and the single-species MOTs and the triple MOT are characterized. In triple MOT operation, typical atom numbers of $3.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ for 6Li^{6}\mathrm{Li}6Li, $1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ for 40K^{40}\mathrm{K}40K, and $5.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ for 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb were achieved. Trap loss due to interspecies collisions was observed. We describe our way to optimize the triple MOT and turn it into a suitable source for the goal to achieve quantum degeneracy by evaporative and sympathetic cooling.
Progress on the realization of an experimental setup for the simultaneous creation of quantum degenerate samples of fermionic /sup 40/K and bosonic /sup 87/Rb is presented. The apparatus is based on a double MOT design with a 2D source MOT and a 3D collection MOT both acting on both species. After laser cooling selective forced microwave evaporative cooling of /sup 87/Rb on the hyperfine transition is planned in a magnetic Ioffe-Pritchard trap. The fermionic /sup 40/K component will be sympathetically cooled by the rubidium atoms without additional loss of particles until quantum degeneracy is reached. A high number of fermions is expected by using isotope enriched /sup 40/K dispensers for feeding the 2D source MOT.
We describe a three-dimensional (3D) magneto-optical trap (MOT) capable of simultaneously capturing 85Rb and 133Cs atoms. Unlike conventional setups, our system utilizes two separate laser systems that are combined before entering the vacuum chamber, enabling the simultaneous trapping of two different atomic species. Additionally, in our 3D MOT configuration, two (of three) pairs of laser beams are not orthogonal to the chamber surfaces but are aligned at a 45° angle. With a total trapping laser power of 8 mW and repump laser power of 4 mW for Rb atoms, and a total trapping laser power of 7.5 mW and repump laser power of 1.5 mW for Cs atoms, we achieve optical depths (OD) of 3.71 for Rb and 3.45 for Cs, demonstrating efficient trapping for both species. Our 3D MOT setup allows full horizontal optical access to the trapped atomic ensembles without spatial interference from the trapping or repump laser beams. Moreover, the red detuning for trapping both atomic species is smaller than in traditional configurations. This system offers a versatile platform for exploring complex phenomena in ultracold atom physics, such as Rydberg molecule formation and interspecies interactions.
Magnetic trapping of an ultracold 39^{39}39K-40^{40}40K mixture with a versatile potassium laser system
We present a dual isotope magneto-optical trap (MOT), simultaneous sub-Doppler laser cooling, and magnetic trapping of a spin-polarized 39^{39}39K-40^{40}40K Bose-Fermi mixture realized in a single-chamber setup with an unenriched potassium dispenser as the source of atoms. We are able to magnetically confine more than 2.2×1052.2\times10^52.2×105 fermions (F=9/2 mF=9/2F=9/2\,m_F=9/2F=9/2mF​=9/2) and 1.4×1071.4\times10^71.4×107 bosons (F=2 mF=2F=2\,m_F=2F=2mF​=2) with a lifetime exceeding 1.2 s. For this work, we have developed a versatile laser tailored for sub-Doppler cooling of all naturally occurring potassium isotopes and their mixtures. This laser system incorporates innovative features, such as the capability to select an isotope by activating or deactivating specific acousto-optic modulators that control the light seeding tapered amplifiers. Switching between isotopes takes $\sim$1 μ\mathrmμμs without any mechanical adjustment of the components. As a final step in characterizing the laser system, we demonstrate sub-Doppler cooling of 41^{41}41K.
We report on magneto-optical trapping of fermionic 53Cr^{53}\mathrm{Cr}53Cr atoms. A Zeeman-slowed atomic beam provides loading rates up to $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We present systematic characterization of the magneto-optical trap (MOT). We obtain up to $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ atoms in the steady-state MOT. The atoms radiatively decay from the excited PPP state into metastable DDD states, and, due to the large dipolar magnetic moment of chromium atoms in these states, they can remain magnetically trapped in the quadrupole field gradient of the MOT. We study the accumulation of metastable 53Cr^{53}\mathrm{Cr}53Cr atoms in this magnetic trap. We also report on the simultaneous magneto-optical trapping of bosonic 52Cr^{52}\mathrm{Cr}52Cr and fermionic 53Cr^{53}\mathrm{Cr}53Cr atoms. Finally, we characterize the light-assisted collision losses in this Bose-Fermi cold mixture.