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arXiv:physics/0701023 · The European Physical Journal D

Influence of lasers propagation delay on the sensitivity of atom interferometers

Julien Le Gouët, Patrick Cheinet, J. Kim, David Holleville, Andr  Clairon, Arnaud Landragin, Franck Pereira dos Santos

Published Jun 28, 2007• 64 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1140/epjd/e2007-00218-2

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This Letter presents a nonclassical mechanism of two-atom interferometry. The two-atom interferometer introduces two different yet indistinguishable alternatives for randomly paired atoms to create a joint atom-detection event. The superposition of two-atom amplitudes yields two-atom interference with peculiar features which outshine the classic atom interferometer: (1) two-atom interference is still observable when the time delay of the interferometer is greater than the coherence time of the atom beam and (2) two-atom interference may eliminate phase noises, including background, variation, turbulence, and Raman laser induced phase noises, thereby allowing for higher sensitivity and stability sensing than is achievable by classic atom interferometers. These features are crucial in high sensitivity-accuracy acceleration and rotation measurements. The presented concept and mechanism of two-atom interference can be adapted to other matter-wave interferometers, such as two-neutron interferometer and two-electron interferometer.
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We demonstrate a single-photon stored-light interferometer, where a photon is stored in a laser-cooled atomic ensemble in the form of a Rydberg polariton with a spatial extent of 10×1×1 μm3. The photon is subject to a Ramsey sequence, i.e. ‘split’ into a super-position of two paths. After a delay of up to 450 ns, the two paths are recombined to give an output dependent on their relative phase.The superposition time of 450 ns is equivalent to a free-space propagation distance of 135 m. We show that the interferometer fringes are sensitive to external fields, and suggesting that stored-light interferometry could be useful for localized sensing applications.