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arXiv:physics/0511176

Entropy, geometry, and the quantum potential

Robert Carroll

Published Nov 20, 2005• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We sketch and emphasize the automatic emergence of a quantum potential Q in e.g. classical WDW type equations upon inserting a (Bohmian) complex wave function. The interpretation of Q in terms of momentum fluctuations via Fisher information and entropy ideas is discussed along with the essentially forced role of the amplitude squared as a probability density. We also review the constructions of Padmanabhan connecting entropy and the Einstein equations.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.physics/0511176

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We sketch and emphasize the automatic emergence of a quantum potential Q in e.g. classical WDW type equations upon inserting a (Bohmian) complex wave function. The interpretation of Q in terms of momentum fluctuations via Fisher information and entropy ideas is discussed along with the essentially forced role of the amplitude squared as a probability density. We also review the constructions of Padmanabhan connecting entropy and the Einstein equations.
A quantum entropy space is suggested as the fundamental arena describing the quantum effects. In the quantum regime the entropy is expressed as the superposition of many different Boltzmann entropies that span the space of the entropies before any measure. When a measure is performed the quantum entropy collapses to one component. A suggestive reading of the relational interpretation of quantum mechanics and of Bohm’s quantum potential in terms of the quantum entropy are provided. The space associated with the quantum entropy determines a distortion in the classical space of position, which appears as a Weyl-like gauge potential connected with Fisher information. This Weyl-like gauge potential produces a deformation of the moments which changes the classical action in such a way that Bohm’s quantum potential emerges as consequence of the non classical definition of entropy, in a non-Euclidean information space under the constraint of a minimum condition of Fisher information (Fisher Bohm- entropy). Finally, the possible quantum relativistic extensions of the theory and the connections with the problem of quantum gravity are investigated. The non classical thermodynamic approach to quantum phenomena changes the geometry of the particle phase space. In the light of the representation of gravity in ordinary phase space by torsion in the flat space (Teleparallel gravity), the change of geometry in the phase space introduces quantum phenomena in a natural way. This gives a new force to F. Shojai’s and A. Shojai’s theory where the geometry of space-time is highly coupled with a quantum potential whose origin is not the Schrödinger equation but the non classical entropy of a system of many particles that together change the geometry of the phase space of the positions (entanglement). In this way the non classical thermodynamic changes the classical geodetic as a consequence of the quantum phenomena and quantum and gravity are unified. Quantum affects geometry of multidimensional phase space and gravity changes in any point the torsion in the ordinary four-dimensional Lorenz space-time metric.
This work presents a reconstruction of quantum mechanics in which Schrödinger-type dynamics emerges from reversible probabilistic evolution rather than being postulated. Starting from a normalized probability density, we impose reversible probability dynamics, Fisher information geometry, and classical correspondence. These compatibility conditions yield coupled real equations equivalent to the continuity equation and the Hamilton–Jacobi equation with an additional information curvature (quantum potential) term. By combining density and phase into a complex amplitude, the Schrödinger equation appears as a compact encoding of reversible statistical flow. The result is mathematically equivalent to the Madelung hydrodynamic formulation and structurally connected to Bohmian mechanics, but derived without assuming Hilbert space, operator axioms, or measurement postulates. The work can therefore be viewed as an information-geometric derivation of quantum dynamics: quantum theory arises as the unique consistent representation of reversible probability flow. Keywords: quantum foundations, quantum reconstruction, emergent quantum mechanics, derivation of the Schrödinger equation, information geometry, Fisher information, Hamilton–Jacobi theory, Madelung formulation, Bohmian mechanics, reversible probability dynamics
Abstract We derive the quantum Einstein equations (which are the quantum generalisation of the Einstein equations of classical gravity) from Bohmian quantum gravity. Bohmian quantum gravity is a non-classical geometrodynamics (in the ADM formalism) which describes the time evolution of a three-geometry and of a matter field (or other matter degrees of freedom) on a three manifold. The evolution is determined by a velocity law which is defined by the wave function. The wave function itself satisfies the Wheeler–DeWitt equation. We cast the Bohmian dynamics into the form of the Einstein field equations, where the interesting novelty is a contribution to the energy–momentum tensor that depends on the quantum potential.
It is here proposed a geometric approach for the problem of describing entropy in a quantum system. We make use of an extension of tensor calculus called morphogenetic calculus. By using such formalism we express the entropy of a quantum system as the superposition of Boltzmann entropies. In this way we also provide a reading of the relational interpretation of quantum mechanics. Moreover we show that the Bohm quantum potential emerges as a consequence of the classical equilibrium under the constraint of a minimum condition of Fisher information. In this way, Bohm quantum potential appears as a non-Euclidean deformation of the probabilistic space. Finally we investigate the possible quantum-relativistic extensions of the theory and the connections with the problem of quantum gravity.