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arXiv:1110.6533

Quantum Potential Via General Hamilton - Jacobi Equation

Maedeh Mollai, Razavi, Mohammad, Safa Jami, Ali Ahanj

Published Oct 29, 2011• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this paper, we sketch and emphasize the automatic emergence of a quantum potential (QP) in general Hamilton-Jacobi equation via commuting relations, quantum canonical transformations and without the straight effect of wave function. The interpretation of QP in terms of independent entity is discussed along with the introduction of quantum kinetic energy. The method has been extended to relativistic regime, and same results have been concluded.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1110.6533

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In this paper, we sketch and emphasize the automatic emergence of a quantum potential (QP) in general Hamilton-Jacobi equation via commuting relations, quantum canonical transformations and without the straight effect of wave function. The interpretation of QP in terms of independent entity is discussed along with the introduction of quantum kinetic energy. The method has been extended to relativistic regime, and same results have been concluded.
This is the second of the two related papers analyzing the origins and possible explanations of a paradoxical phenomenon of the quantum potential (QP). It arises in quantum mechanics (QM) of a particle in a Riemannian n-dimensional configurational space obtained by various procedures of quantization of non-relativistic natural Hamilton systems. Now, two questions are investigated: 1) Does a QP appear in non-relativistic QM generated by the quantum theory of a scalar field (QFT) non-minimally coupled to the space-time metric? 2) To which extent is it in accord with quantization of natural systems? To this end, the asymptotic non-relativistic equation for particle-interpretable wave functions and operators of canonical observables are obtained from the primary QFT objects. It is shown that, in globally static space-time, the Hamilton operators coincide at the origin of the quasi-Euclidean space coordinates in both alternative approaches for any non-minimality constant ξ~\tilde \xiξ~​ , but a certain requirement of the Equivalence Principle to the quantum field propagator distinguishes the unique value ξ~=1/6\tilde \xi = 1/6ξ~​=1/6 = 1/6. Just the same value had the constant ζ in the quantum Hamiltonians arising from the traditional quantizations of natural systems: the DeWitt canonical, Pauli-DeWitt quasiclassical, geometric and Feynman ones, as well as in the revised Schrödinger variational quantization. Thus, the QP generated by mechanics is tightly related to non-minimality of the quantum scalar field. Meanwhile, an essential discrepancy exists between the non-relativistic QMs derived from the two alternative approaches: QFT generates a scalar QP, whereas various quantizations of natural mechanics lead to QPs depending on the choice of space coordinates as physical observables and nonvanishing even in flat space if the coordinates are curvilinear.
The behavior of the quantum potential is studied for a particle in a linear and a harmonic potential by means of an extended phase space technique.This is done by obtaining an expression for the quantum potential in momentum space representation followed by the generalization of this concept to extended phase space.It is shown that there exists an extended canonical transformation that removes the expression for the quantum potential in the dynamical equation.The situation, mathematically, is similar to disappearance of the centrifugal potential in going from the spherical to the Cartesian coordinates that changes the physical potential to an effective one.The representation where the quantum potential disappears and the modified Hamilton-Jacobi equation reduces to the familiar classical form, is one in which the dynamical equation turns out to be the Wigner equation.
The Hamilton-Jacobi method is generalized, both, in classical and relativistic mechanics. The implications in quantum mechanics are considered in the case of Klein-Gordon equation. We find that the wave functions of Klein-Gordon theory can be considered as describing the motion of an ensemble of particles that move under the action of the electromagnetic field alone, without quantum potentials, hidden uninterpreted variables, or zero point fields. The number of particles is not locally conserved.
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In this article, we will answer a question posed in the book Classical Mechanics by H. Goldstein: ``"Is the Hamilton-Jacobi equation the short wavelength limit of the Schrödinger equation?" But, before that, we will identify an essential element that will take us from the Hamilton-Jacobi equation to the dynamic equation of non-relativistic quantum mechanics for a function ψ through an exact procedure. This element is the linear independence of the functions ψ and ψ* (their complex conjugate). Their independence is demonstrated for physical systems where the acting physical potential does not explicitly depend on time. Proceeding in reverse, from the Schrödinger equation, we obtain the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, exactly, without additional terms.