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arXiv:physics/0508041 · Physical Review Letters

Systematic Study of the Sr87 Clock Transition in an Optical Lattice

Andrew D. Ludlow, Martin M. Boyd, Tanya Zelevinsky, Seth M. Foreman, Sebastian Blatt, M. Notcutt, T. Ido, Jun Ye

Published Jan 26, 2006• 184 citations
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Abstract

With ultracold 87Srconfined in a magic wavelength optical lattice, we present the most precise study (2.8 Hz statistical uncertainty) to date of the 1S0-3P0 optical clock transition with a detailed analysis of systematic shifts (19 Hz uncertainty) in the absolute frequency measurement of 429 228 004 229 869 Hz. The high resolution permits an investigation of the optical lattice motional sideband structure. The local oscillator for this optical atomic clock is a stable diode laser with its hertz-level linewidth characterized by an octave-spanning femtosecond frequency comb.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.96.033003

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With ultracold 87Srconfined in a magic wavelength optical lattice, we present the most precise study (2.8 Hz statistical uncertainty) to date of the 1S0-3P0 optical clock transition with a detailed analysis of systematic shifts (19 Hz uncertainty) in the absolute frequency measurement of 429 228 004 229 869 Hz. The high resolution permits an investigation of the optical lattice motional sideband structure. The local oscillator for this optical atomic clock is a stable diode laser with its hertz-level linewidth characterized by an octave-spanning femtosecond frequency comb.
Recent results from the JILA 87Sr optical lattice clock are presented. Using the tight confinement of an optical lattice in combination wit a sub-Hz linewidth diode laser we have achieved a pulse-length limited linewidth of 1.8 Hz for the 1S0- 3P0 clock transition. This corresponds to a quality factor of Q ≈ 2.4 x 1014, and is a record for coherent spectroscopy. With the addition of a small magnetic bias field, the high line Q of the clock transition has also allowed us to resolve the nuclear-spin sublevels, and make a precision measurement of the differential Landé g-factor between the 1S0 and 3P0. We present the current accuracy and stability of the lattice clock, and in addition, we report on our development of precision tools for the lattice clock, including a stabilized clock laser, fs-comb based technology allowing accurate clock comparison in both the microwave and optical domains, and clock transfer over an optical fiber in an urban environment.
Abstract Optical clocks are the most precise measurement devices. Here we experimentally characterize one such clock based on the 1S0-3P0 transition of neutral 171Yb atoms confined in an optical lattice. Given that the systematic evaluation using an interleaved stabilization scheme is unable to avoid noise from the clock laser, synchronous comparisons against a second 171Yb lattice system were implemented to accelerate the evaluation. The fractional instability of one clock falls below 4 × 10−17 after an averaging over a time of 5,000 seconds. The systematic frequency shifts were corrected with a total uncertainty of 1.7 × 10−16. The lattice polarizability shift currently contributes the largest source. This work paves the way to measuring the absolute clock transition frequency relative to the primary Cs standard or against the International System of Units (SI) second.
We report on the spectroscopy of the $5{s}^{2}\text{ }^{1}S_{0}(F=9/2)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\text{ }^{3}P_{0}(F=9/2)$ clock transition of 87Sr^{87}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r}87Sr atoms (natural linewidth of 1 mHz) trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice. Recoilless transitions with a linewidth of 0.7 kHz as well as the vibrational structure of the lattice potential were observed. By investigating the wavelength dependence of the carrier linewidth, we determined the magic wavelength, where the light shift in the clock transition vanishes, to be $813.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9\text{ }\mathrm{n}\mathrm{m}$.
We report an optical lattice clock with a total systematic uncertainty of 8.1×10^{-19} in fractional frequency units, representing the lowest uncertainty of any clock to date. The clock relies on interrogating the ultranarrow ^{1}S_{0}→^{3}P_{0} transition in a dilute ensemble of fermionic strontium atoms trapped in a vertically-oriented, shallow, one-dimensional optical lattice. Using imaging spectroscopy, we previously demonstrated record high atomic coherence time and measurement precision enabled by precise control of collisional shifts and the lattice light shift. In this work, we revise the black body radiation shift correction by evaluating the 5s4d ^{3}D_{1} lifetime, necessitating precise characterization and control of many body effects in the 5s4d ^{3}D_{1} decay. Last, we measure the second order Zeeman coefficient on the least magnetically sensitive clock transition. All other systematic effects have uncertainties below 1×10^{-19}.
We performed spectroscopic observations of the 698-nm clock transition in 87 Sr confined in an optical lattice using a laser linewidth transfer technique. A narrow-linewidth laser interrogating the clock transition was prepared by transferring the linewidth of a master laser (1064 nm) to that of a slave laser (698 nm) with a high-speed controllable fiber-based frequency comb. The Fourier-limited spectrum was then observed for an 80-ms interrogating pulse. We determined that the absolute frequency of the 5s 2 1 S 0 –5s5p 3 P 0 clock transition in 87 Sr is 429 228 004 229 872.0 (1.6) Hz referenced to the SI second.