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arXiv:physics/0503052

Remote Stimulated Triggering of Quantum Entangled Photoluminescent Molecules of Strontium Aluminate

D.L. Van Gent, Robert Desbrandes

Published Mar 7, 2005• 2 citations
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Abstract

We report experiments in which two photoluminescent samples of Strontium Aluminate pigments and Zinc Sulfide pebbles were quantum entangled via photoexcitation with entangled photons from a mercury lamp and a CRT screen. After photo-excitation, remote triggering of one of the sample with infrared (IR) photons yielded stimulated light variation from the quantum entangled other sample located 4 m away. The initial half-life of Strontium Aluminate is approximately one minute. However, molecules with a longer half-life may be found in the future. These experiments demonstrate that useful quantum information could be transferred through quantum channels via de-excitation of one sample of photoluminescent material quantum entangled with another.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.physics/0503052

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We report experiments in which two photoluminescent samples of Strontium Aluminate pigments and Zinc Sulfide pebbles were quantum entangled via photoexcitation with entangled photons from a mercury lamp and a CRT screen. After photo-excitation, remote triggering of one of the sample with infrared (IR) photons yielded stimulated light variation from the quantum entangled other sample located 4 m away. The initial half-life of Strontium Aluminate is approximately one minute. However, molecules with a longer half-life may be found in the future. These experiments demonstrate that useful quantum information could be transferred through quantum channels via de-excitation of one sample of photoluminescent material quantum entangled with another.
We report experiments in which two indium foils were quantum entangled via photoexcitation of stable 115In to radioactive 115mIn by utilizing Bremsstrahlung gamma photons produced by a Varian Compact Linear Accelerator (CLINAC). After photo-excitation, remote triggering of the "master" foil with low energy gamma photons, yielded stimulated emissions of 336 keV gamma photons from quantum entangled 115mIn in the "slave" foil located up to 1600 m away from the "master" foil. These experiments strongly demonstrate that useful quantum information can be transferred through quantum channels via modulation of quantum noise (accelerated radioactive decay of 115mIn metastable nuclei). Thus, this modality of QE transmission is fundamentally different from optical QE information transfer via quantum entangled space "q-bits" as developed by information theorists for quantum channel information transfer. Additionally, there is no obvious potential for signal degradation with increasing distance nor the problems associated with misalignment of optical information transfer systems.
Experiments conducted in our laboratory conclusively demonstrated that at least 20% of 115In metastable states become quantum entangled (QE) during gamma photo-excitation processes where a significant fraction of the photo-excitation gamma (E > 1.02 MeV) are QE. In addition, it was found that the half-life of 115mIn populations in identical photo-excited indium foils varied as much as 70% depending on whether the 99.999% purity indium foils were photo-excited with a High Intensity 60Co Source (HICS) or a Varian CLINAC (Compact Linear Accelerator) with average energy 2 MeV and maximum energy 6 MeV Bremsstrahlung photo-excitation quanta. Decay kinetics of 115mIn populations in indium foils demonstrate that these metastable states are primarily QE in pairs when photo-excited in the HICS apparatus and at higher orders of entanglement of triplets and possibly quadruplets when photo-excited with the CLINAC. It appears that QE gamma photons can transfer quantum entangled properties to radioactive metastable states.
Conspectus The enhanced interest in quantum-related phenomena has provided new opportunities for chemists to push the limits of detection and analysis of chemical processes. As some have called this the second quantum revolution, a time has come to apply the rules learned from previous research in quantum phenomena toward new methods and technologies important to chemists. While there has been great interest recently in quantum information science (QIS), the quest to understand how nonclassical states of light interact with matter has been ongoing for more than two decades. Our entry into this field started around this time with the use of materials to produce nonclassical states of light. Here, the process of multiphoton absorption led to photon-number squeezed states of light, where the photon statistics are sub-Poissonian. In addition to the great interest in generating squeezed states of light, there was also interest in the formation of entangled states of light. While much of the effort is still in foundational physics, there are numerous new avenues as to how quantum entanglement can be applied to spectroscopy, imaging, and sensing. These opportunities could have a large impact on the chemical community for a broad spectrum of applications. In this Account, we discuss the use of entangled (or quantum) light for spectroscopy as well as applications in microscopy and interferometry. The potential benefits of the use of quantum light are discussed in detail. From the first experiments in porphyrin dendrimer systems by Dr. Dong-Ik Lee in our group to the measurements of the entangled two photon absorption cross sections of biological systems such as flavoproteins, the usefulness of entangled light for spectroscopy has been illustrated. These early measurements led the way to more advanced measurements of the unique characteristics of both entangled light and the entangled photon absorption cross-section, which provides new control knobs for manipulating excited states in molecules. The first reports of fluorescence-induced entangled processes were in organic chromophores where the entangled photon cross-section was measured. These results would later have widespread impact in applications such as entangled two-photon microscopy. From our design, construction and implementation of a quantum entangled photon excited microscope, important imaging capabilities were achieved at an unprecedented low excitation intensity of 10 7 photons/s, which is 6 orders of magnitude lower than the excitation level for the classical two-photon image. New reports have also illustrated an advantage of nonclassical light in Raman imaging as well. From a standpoint of more precise measurements, the use of entangled photons in quantum interferometry may offer new opportunities for chemistry research. Experiments that combine molecular spectroscopy and quantum interferometry, by utilizing the correlations of entangled photons in a Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) interferometer, have been carried out. The initial experiment showed that the HOM signal is sensitive to the presence of a resonant organic sample placed in one arm of the interferometer. In addition, parameters such as the dephasing time have been obtained with the opportunity for even more advanced phenomenology in the future.
Quantum entanglement offers an incredible resource for quantum-enhanced sensing, imaging, and spectroscopy. Here we evaluate the enhancement of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) signal by entangled photons. We demonstrate that the time-energy correlation of the photon pairs can optimize the signal for polyatomic molecules. Our results show that the spectral-line intensity of the entangled-photon SRS (ESRS) is of the same order of magnitude as the one for the entangled two-photon absorption (ETPA); the parameter window is thus identified to do so. Moreover, the vibrational coherence is found to play an important role for enhancing the ESRS against the ETPA intensity. Our work paves a firm road for extending the schemes of molecular spectroscopy with quantum light, based on the observation of the ETPA in experiments.
Quantum entanglement offers an incredible resource for enhancing the sensing and spectroscopic probes. Here we develop a microscopic theory for the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) using entangled photons. We demonstrate that the time-energy correlation of the photon pairs can optimize the signal for polyatomic molecules. Our results show that the spectral-line intensity of the entangled-photon SRS (ESRS) is of the same order of magnitude as the one for the entangled two-photon absorption (ETPA); the parameter window is thus identified to do so. Moreover, the vibrational coherence is found to play an important role for enhancing the ESRS against the ETPA intensity. Our work paves a firm road for extending the schemes of molecular spectroscopy with quantum light, based on the observation of the ETPA in experiments.
A global quantum internet is based on scalable networks, which require reliable quantum hardware. Among them are quantum light sources providing deterministic, high-brightness, high-fidelity entangled photons and quantum memories with coherence times exceeding the millisecond range. Long-distance operation demands quantum light sources emitting at telecommunication wavelengths. A cornerstone for such networks is the demonstration of quantum teleportation. Here, we realize full-photonic quantum teleportation employing semiconductor quantum dots, which can fulfill all the aforementioned requirements. Two remote GaAs quantum dots, emitting in the near-infrared, are used: one as an entangled-photon pair source and the other as a single-photon source. During the experiment, the single photon is prepared in conjugate polarization states and interfaced with the biexciton emission of the entangled pair employing a polarization-selective Bell state measurement. This process teleports the respective polarization state onto the exciton emission of the entangled pair. The frequency mismatch between the triggered sources is erased using two polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters, enabling remote two-photon interference at telecommunication wavelengths, yielding a visibility of 30(1)%. A post-selected teleportation fidelity up to 0.721(33), significantly above the classical limit, demonstrates successful quantum teleportation between light from distinct sources. These results mark an important development for semiconductor-based quantum light sources.