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arXiv:physics/0410006 · Physical Review A

Saturation of Cs2 photoassociation in an optical dipole trap

Stephan Kraft, Marcel Carto Constantin Mudrich, M. U. Staudt, J. Lange, Olivier Dulieu, Roland Wester, Matthias Weidemüller

Published Jan 20, 2005• 28 citations
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Abstract

We present studies of strong coupling in single-photon photoassociation of cesium dimers using an optical dipole trap. A thermodynamic model of the trap depletion dynamics is employed to extract absolute rate coefficents. From the dependence of the rate coefficient on the photoassociation laser intensity, we observe saturation of the photoassociation scattering probability at the unitarity limit in quantitative agreement with the theoretical model by Bohn and Julienne [Phys. Rev. A 60, 414 (1999)]. Also the corresponding power broadening of the resonance width is measured. We could not observe an intensity-dependent light shift in contrast to findings for lithium and rubidium, which is attributed to the absence of a $p$- or $d$-wave shape resonance in cesium.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.71.013417

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We present studies of strong coupling in single-photon photoassociation of cesium dimers using an optical dipole trap. A thermodynamic model of the trap depletion dynamics is employed to extract absolute rate coefficents. From the dependence of the rate coefficient on the photoassociation laser intensity, we observe saturation of the photoassociation scattering probability at the unitarity limit in quantitative agreement with the theoretical model by Bohn and Julienne [Phys. Rev. A 60, 414 (1999)]. Also the corresponding power broadening of the resonance width is measured. We could not observe an intensity-dependent light shift in contrast to findings for lithium and rubidium, which is attributed to the absence of a ppp- or ddd-wave shape resonance in cesium.
The high-resolution photoassociation spectrum of the ultracold cesium molecular 0 u + state below the 6S 1/2 + 6P 1/2 limit is presented in this paper. The saturation of the photoassociation scattering probability is observed from the dependence of the trap-loss probability on the photoassociation laser intensity. The corresponding resonant line width is also demonstrated to increase linearly with increasing photoassociation laser intensity. Our experimental data have good consistency with the theoretical saturation model of Bohn and Julienne [Bohn J L and Julienne P S 1999 Phys. Rev. A 60 1 ].
The high-resolution photoassociation spectrum of the ultracold cesium molecular 0_u~+ state below the 6S 1/2 + 6P 1/2 limit is presented in this paper. The saturation of the photoassociation scattering probability is observed from the dependence of the trap-loss probability on the photoassociation laser intensity. The corresponding resonant line width is also demonstrated to increase linearly with increasing photoassociation laser intensity. Our experimental data have good consistency with the theoretical saturation model of Bohn and Julienne Bohn J L and Julienne P S 1999 Phys. Rev. A 60 1].
We present quantitative measurements of the photoassociation of cesium molecules inside a far-detuned optical dipole trap. A model of the trap depletion dynamics is derived which allows to extract absolute photoassociation rate coefficients for the initial single-photon photoassociation step from measured trap-loss spectra. The sensitivity of this approach is demonstrated by measuring the Franck-Condon modulation of the weak photoassociation transitions into the low vibrational levels of the outer well of the 0g- state that correlates to the 6s+6p3/2 asymptote. The measurements are compared to theoretical predictions. In a magneto-optical trap these transitions have previously only been observed indirectly through ionization of ground state molecules.
We investigate collisions of ultracold polar LiCs molecules and ultracold caesium atoms. LiCs molecules are formed in an optical dipole trap by photoassociation of caesium and lithium atoms via the B(1)Π excited state followed by spontaneous emission to the X(1)Σ(+) ground state and the lowest triplet state a(3)Σ(+). The molecules are then stored together with caesium atoms in the same optical trap. Rate coefficients for the loss of molecules induced by collisions with surrounding Cs atoms are measured for molecular ensembles produced via different photoassociation resonances. The results are analyzed in terms of the unitarity limit for the inelastic rates and predictions from the universal model of Idziaszek and Julienne (Phys. Rev. Lett., 2010, 104, 113202).
Photoassociation (PA) of ultracold metastable helium to the 2s2p2s2p2s2p manifold is theoretically investigated using a nonperturbative close-coupled treatment in which the laser coupling is evaluated without assuming the dipole approximation. The results are compared with our previous study [D. G. Cocks and I. B. Whittingham, Phys. Rev. A 80, 023417 (2009)], which makes use of the dipole approximation. The approximation is found to strongly affect the PA spectra because the photoassociated levels are weakly bound, and a similar impact is predicted to occur in other systems of a weakly bound nature. The inclusion of the approximation does not affect the resonance positions or widths; however, significant differences are observed in the background of the spectra and the maximum laser intensity at which resonances are discernible. Couplings not satisfying the dipole selection rule $|J\ensuremath{-}1|\ensuremath{\leqslant}{J}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\leqslant}|J+1|$ do not lead to observable resonances.
We have measured the intensity dependent rate and frequency shift of a photoassociation transition in a quantum degenerate gas of 7Li. The rate increases linearly with photoassociation laser intensity for low intensities, whereas saturation is observed at higher intensities. The measured rates and shifts agree reasonably well with theory within the estimated systematic uncertainties. Several theoretically predicted saturation mechanisms are discussed, but a theory in which saturation arises because of quantum mechanical unitarity agrees well with the data.