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arXiv:physics/0408040 · Physical Review A

Rydberg atoms in a magnetic guide

Igor Lesanovsky, Jörg Schmiedmayer, Peter Schmelcher

Published Oct 18, 2004• 18 citations
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Abstract

We investigate electronically excited atoms in a magnetic guide. It turns out that the Hamiltonian describing this system possesses a wealth of both unitary as well as antiunitary symmetries that constitute an uncommon extensive symmetry group. One consequence is the twofold degeneracy of any energy level. The spectral properties are investigated for a wide range of field gradients and the spatial distributions of the spin polarization are analyzed. Wavelengths, oscillator strengths, and selection rules are provided for the corresponding electromagnetic transitions. The effects due to an additional homogeneous bias field constituting a Ioffe-Pritchard trap are explored equally.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.70.043409

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We investigate electronically excited atoms in a magnetic guide. It turns out that the Hamiltonian describing this system possesses a wealth of both unitary as well as antiunitary symmetries that constitute an uncommon extensive symmetry group. One consequence is the twofold degeneracy of any energy level. The spectral properties are investigated for a wide range of field gradients and the spatial distributions of the spin polarization are analyzed. Wavelengths, oscillator strengths, and selection rules are provided for the corresponding electromagnetic transitions. The effects due to an additional homogeneous bias field constituting a Ioffe-Pritchard trap are explored equally.
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We investigate the electronic structure and properties of atoms exposed to a magnetic quadrupole field. The spin spatial as well as generalized time-reversal symmetries are established and shown to lead to a twofold degeneracy of the electronic states in the presence of the field. Low lying as well as highly excited Rydberg states are computed and analyzed for a broad regime of field gradients. The delicate interplay between the Coulomb and various magnetic interactions leads to complex patterns of the spatial spin polarization of individual excited states. Electromagnetic transitions in the quadrupole field are studied in detail thereby providing the selection rules and, in particular, the transition wavelengths and corresponding dipole strengths. The peculiar property that the quadrupole magnetic field induces permanent electric dipole moments of the atoms is derived and discussed.
We investigate the resonant motion of neutral spin-12\frac{1}{2}21​-fermions in a magnetic guide. A wealth of unitary and antiunitary symmetries is revealed in particular giving rise to a twofold degeneracy of the energy levels. To compute the energies and decay widths of a large number of resonances the complex scaling method is employed. We discuss the dependence of the lifetimes on the angular momentum of the resonance states. In this context the existence of so-called quasibound states is shown. In order to approximately calculate the resonance energies of such states a radial Schr\"odinger equation is derived which improves the well-known adiabatic approximation. The effects of an additionally applied homogeneous Ioffe field on the resonance energies and decay widths are also considered. The results are applied to the case of the 6Li^{6}\mathrm{Li}6Li atom in the F=12F=\frac{1}{2}F=21​ hyperfine ground state.
We investigate the electronic structure and properties of Rydberg atoms exposed to a magnetic quadrupole field. It is shown that the spatial as well as generalized time-reversal symmetries lead to a two-fold degeneracy of the electronic states in the presence of the external field. A delicate interplay between the Coulomb and magnetic interactions in the inhomogeneous field leads to an unusual weak field splitting of the energy levels as well as complex spatial patterns of the corresponding spin polarization density of individual Rydberg states. Remarkably, the magnetic quadrupole field induces a permanent electric-dipole moment of the atom.
We investigate the resonant quantum motion of spin-1 particles in a magnetic guide. A symmetry analysis is undertaken in order to reveal the complex symmetry properties of the system which lead to a twofold degeneracy in the energy-level spectrum. Lifetimes and energies of the resonance states are computed by employing the complex scaling method. By analyzing several hundreds of resonances we are able to make conclusions about the global properties of the resonance spectrum. The effect of an Ioffe field which is applied parallel to the guide is also discussed. We observe a global increase of the lifetimes with increasing Ioffe-field strength. For certain parameter regimes we find the ground-state resonance to exhibit a longer lifetime than the energetically neighbored excited states. The latter could have interesting implications on the time evolution of trapped ultracold atomic ensembles. Applications of our results to calculate the resonance energies andlifetimes of the trapped alkali-metal atoms 7Li^{7}\mathrm{Li}7Li and 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb are outlined.
We discuss the properties of ultracold Rydberg atoms in a Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic field configuration. The derived two-body Hamiltonian unveils how the large size of Rydberg atoms affects their coupling to the inhomogeneous magnetic field. The properties of the compound electronic and center of mass quantum states are thoroughly analyzed. We find very tight confinement of the center of mass motion in two dimensions to be achievable while barely changing the electronic structure compared to the field free case. This paves the way for generating a one-dimensional ultracold Rydberg gas.