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arXiv:physics/0311132

Recoil-induced lasing

J. Javaloyes, M. Perrin, Gian Luca Lippi, Antonio Politi

Published Nov 27, 2003• 0 citations
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Abstract

The interaction of an atomic gas confined inside a cavity with a strong electromagnetic field is numerically and theoretically investigated in a regime where recoil effects are not negligible. The spontaneous appearance of a density grating (atomic bunching) accompanied by the onset of coherent backpropagation is found to be ruled by a continuous phase-transition. Numerical tests allow us to convincingly prove that the transition is steered by the appearence of a periodic atomic density modulation. Consideration of different experimental relaxation mechanisms induces us to analyze the problem in nearly analytic form, in the large detuning limit, using both a Vlasov approach and a Fokker-Planck description. The application of our predictions to recent experimental findings, reported in [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 91}, 183601 (2003)], yields a semi-quantitative agreement with the observations.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.physics/0311132

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The interaction of an atomic gas confined inside a cavity with a strong electromagnetic field is numerically and theoretically investigated in a regime where recoil effects are not negligible. The spontaneous appearance of a density grating (atomic bunching) accompanied by the onset of coherent backpropagation is found to be ruled by a continuous phase-transition. Numerical tests allow us to convincingly prove that the transition is steered by the appearence of a periodic atomic density modulation. Consideration of different experimental relaxation mechanisms induces us to analyze the problem in nearly analytic form, in the large detuning limit, using both a Vlasov approach and a Fokker-Planck description. The application of our predictions to recent experimental findings, reported in [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 91}, 183601 (2003)], yields a semi-quantitative agreement with the observations.
The interaction of an atomic gas confined inside a cavity containing a strong electromagnetic field is numerically and theoretically investigated in a regime where recoil effects are not negligible. The spontaneous appearance of a density grating (atomic bunching) accompanied by the onset of a coherent, back-propagating electromagnetic wave is found to be ruled by a continuous phase transition. Numerical tests allow us to convincingly prove that the transition is steered by the appearence of a periodic atomic density modulation. Consideration of different experimental relaxation mechanisms induces us to analyze the problem in nearly analytic form, in the large detuning limit, using both a Vlasov approach and a Fokker-Planck description. The application of our predictions to recent experimental findings, reported by Kruse et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett., 91 183601 (2003)], yields a semiquantitative agreement with the observations.
Networks of globally coupled oscillators exhibit phase transitions from incoherent to coherent states. Atoms interacting with the counterpropagating modes of a unidirectionally pumped high-finesse ring cavity form such a globally coupled network. The coupling mechanism is provided by collective atomic recoil lasing, i.e., cooperative Bragg scattering of laser light at an atomic density grating, which is self-induced by the laser light. Under the rule of an additional friction force, the atomic ensemble is expected to undergo a phase transition to a state of synchronized atomic motion. We present the experimental investigation of this phase transition by studying the threshold behavior of this lasing process.
This study shows that, for appropriate parameter values, a stable density grating can spontaneously emerge and be sustained over arbitrarily long times in a generalized model. The onset of a non-zero bunching is accompanied by a nonzero value of the coherence parameter. This regime, occurring at sufficiently low temperatures, is therefore characterized by both coherence and bunching-values different from zero. In order to shed some light on the role played by the two order parameters, the authors have reconstructed a detailed phase diagram by exploring their dependence on the pump intensity and on the temperature.
An ensemble of periodically ordered atoms coherently scatters the light of an incident laser beam. The scattered and the incident light may interfere and give rise to a light intensity modulation and thus to optical dipole forces which, in turn, emphasize the atomic ordering. This positive feedback is at the origin of the collective atomic recoil laser (CARL). We demonstrate this dynamics using ultracold atoms confined by dipole forces in a unidirectionally pumped far red‐detuned high‐finesse optical ring cavity. Under the influence of an additional dissipative force exerted by an optical molasses the atoms, starting from an unordered distribution, spontaneously form a density grating moving at constant velocity. Additionally, steady state lasing is observed in the reverse direction if the pump laser power exceeds a certain threshold. We compare the dynamics of the atomic trajectories to the behavior of globally coupled oscillators, which exhibit phase transitions from incoherent to coherent states if the coupling strength exceeds a critical value.
The standard model introduced to describe the collective atomic recoil of an ensemble of atoms interacting with a strong electromagnetic field has been here extended by the inclusion of collisions with a buffer gas. As a result, we find that in the thermodynamic limit the coherent emission of radiation exhibits a continuous phase transition upon increasing the pump intensity. The output laser field is strictly larger than 0 only above a critical value. We find that the transition is not associated with the onset of spatial ordering but rather with the onset of a synchronization between the polarization phase and spatial position. A coherence parameter is introduced to characterize the phase transition.