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arXiv:physics/0109032

Trajectory of the harmonic oscillator in the Schreodinger wave

Yoshio Nishiyama

Published Sep 14, 2001• 0 citations
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Abstract

A trajectory of a harmonic oscillator obeying the Schreodinger wave equation is exactly derived and illustrated. The trajectory resembles well the classical orbit between the turning points, and also runs through the tunneling region. The dynamics of the `particle' motion and the wave function associated with the motion are proposed. The period of a round trip on the trajectory is exactly equal to that obtained in classical mechanics.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.physics/0109032

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A trajectory of a harmonic oscillator obeying the Schreodinger wave equation is exactly derived and illustrated. The trajectory resembles well the classical orbit between the turning points, and also runs through the tunneling region. The dynamics of the `particle' motion and the wave function associated with the motion are proposed. The period of a round trip on the trajectory is exactly equal to that obtained in classical mechanics.
By using the formulation of quantum mechanics with classical pictures, the motion of a quantum is analysed for linear harmonic oscillator. On this occasion it is postulated that the quantum mechanical momentum of the quantum is approximately equal to the corresponding classical mechanical momentum in the region of validity of the coordinates. According to this analysis it is shown that the quantum mechanical motion well corresponds to the classical motion, and that the wave equation determines the associated wave along the whole orbit of the quantum in the configuration space and the uniqueness of the wave throughout the orbit plays an important role in quantum mechanics. In addition to the above, an attempt is made to make clear the well-known fact that classical mechanics with the quantization gives approximately the same results as quantum mechanics.
The first application of quantum ideas to a system with a nonuniform potential energy is to the harmonic oscillator: a pendulum, or a mass on a spring. The result is a quantization of energy with equally spaced energy levels. The wave function is localized in the potential well but can do quantum tunneling beyond the turning points into classically forbidden regions. A wave function can be a negative quantity, but the related position probability is always positive. The wave function shows the particle is not in any single place; in a sense it is in many places simultaneously. The fact that the lowest energy quantum state does not vanish is an example of zero-point energy. States of very high energy show a strong analogy to classical oscillator behavior, an example of the Bohr correspondence principle.
The manner in which probability amplitudes of paths sum up to form wave functions of a harmonic oscillator, as well as other, simple 1-dimensional problems, is described. Using known, closed-form, path-based propagators for each problem, an integral expression is written that describes the wave function. This expression conventionally takes the form of an integral over initial locations of a particle, but it is re-expressed here in terms of a characteristic momentum associated with motion between the endpoints of a path. In this manner, the resulting expression can be analyzed using a generalization of stationary-phase analysis, leading to distributions of paths that exactly describe each eigenstate. These distributions are valid for all travel times, but when evaluated for long times they turn out to be real, non-negative functions of the characteristic momentum. For the harmonic oscillator in particular, a somewhat broad distribution is found, peaked at value of momentum that corresponds to a classical energy which in turn equals the energy eigenvalue for the state being described.