© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

Terms Privacy Legal Notice

arXiv:physics/0007065

The Orientation of Local Spatial Reference Frames in Quantum Teleportation

Douglas Snyder

Published Jul 19, 2000• 0 citations

Abstract

Bennett et al.'s original article on quantum teleportation did not address explicitly synchronizing the orientation of the local spatial reference frames from and to which teleportaton occurs where the state teleported is spin 1/2 along the z axis. They wrote that only two bits of information need to be conveyed classically where the state to be teleported concerns spin 1/2 along the z axis. That only two bits of information need to be classically conveyed could imply that such synchronization is not needed for it would require more classically conveyed information. A gedankenexperiment is presented regarding the orientation of the local spatial reference frames exploring whether such synchronization is not needed even though it was apparently assumed by Bennett et al. that it was required. It is often assumed that there is an absolute, as opposed to a relative, orientation of objects in space. This assumption should be open to empirical test, especially in view of evidence in psychology that the orientation of objects in space is not absolute.

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.physics/0007065

Related papers

On the Relationship Between Proximal and Distal Stimuli and an Example of Its Significance to Physics

Douglas Snyder

The difference between proximal and distal stimuli is discussed and an example of the significance of this difference to physics is pointed out in the area of quantum teleportation. In particular, experimental evidence concerning the relative status of the distal stimulus to the observer points toward the relative nature of spatial orientation of objects. In quantum teleportation, this result indicates that the amount of classical information that needs to be transmitted to support the quantum transfer of information may be greater than is expected when the distal stimulus is assumed, as it ordinarily is, to have an absolute orientation in relation to the observer.

arXiv:physics/0110036•Oct 12, 2001•0 citations

Tight Reference Frame–Independent Quantum Teleportation

Dominic Verdon, Jamie Vicary

We give a tight scheme for teleporting a quantum state between two parties whose reference frames are misaligned by an action of a finite symmetry group. Unlike previously proposed schemes, ours requires no additional tokens or data to be passed between the participants; the same amount of classical information is transferred as for ordinary quantum teleportation, and the Hilbert space of the entangled resource is of the same size. In the terminology of Peres and Scudo, our protocol relies on classical communication of unspeakable information.

arXiv:1603.08866•Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science•Jan 1, 2017•2 citations

Towards objectivity of classical reference frames in quantum mechanics

Rafał Ćwiek, Jarosław K. Korbicz

Recent advances in our understanding of foundations of quantum mechanics have shown that information can be made objective through quantum states. Such objectification processes, predicted e.g. in a variety of quantum open systems, must accompany any realistic quantum-to-classical transition mechanism in order to reproduce the objective character of the classical limit of our world. However, so far only examples of simple, unstructured information, such as a value of an observable, have been studied. In this work we show that a more complicated form of information, given by a Cartesian reference frame, can also be made (at least partially) objective in quantum mechanics. The non-trivial internal gauge structure of reference frames, given by the transformation group, leads to a more general form of objectivity, where all observers see the same but modulo their relative orientations, like it happens in modern understanding of geometry. This opens a way to extend quantum objectivity beyond simple scenarios and possibly link it to the foundations of modern geometry.

arXiv:2506.05545•Jun 5, 2025•0 citations

Non-locality and special relativity

W. Michael Dickson

Thus far I have been primarily concerned with how an interpretation of quantum mechanics might, or might not, be local. This question is traditionally not sharply distinguished from the question of whether quantum mechanics is consistent with the theory of relativity. However, the two questions are indeed quite distinct, and should be recognized as such explicitly. The theory of relativity What does relativity require? As a first approximation, we may make the distinction by noting that the requirements of the theory of relativity are themselves unclear. Minimally, relativity seems to require that there be no way to distinguish one reference frame from another – i.e., that there be no experimental procedure that can determine which of two inertial observers is ‘really’ moving, or more generally that there be no way to discover an observer's absolute velocity. Most authors are willing to find in (special) relativity a stronger requirement: namely, Lorentz-invariance. They say that relativity requires that in fact there is no such thing as absolute velocity. This requirement goes beyond the minimum – it might be that there is an absolute rest frame (so that absolute velocities are given by motion relative to this frame) while there is no way to find it. (As I will discuss in chapter 9, exactly this situation occurs in Bohm's theory.)

Cambridge University Press eBooks•Apr 2, 1998•0 citations

Spatial localization and relativistic transformation of quantum spins

Hui Li, Jiangfeng Du

The purity of a reduced state for spins that is pure in the rest frame will most likely appear to degrade because spin and momentum become mixed when viewed by a moving observer. We show that such a boost-induced decrease in spin purity observed in a moving reference frame is intrinsically related to the spatial localization properties of the wave package observed in the rest frame. Furthermore, we prove that, for any localized pure state with separable spin and momentum in the rest frame, its reduced density matrix for spins inevitably appears to be mixed whenever viewed from a moving reference frame.

arXiv:quant-ph/0309144•Physical Review A•Jul 29, 2004•11 citations

A Set of Conditions for Teleportation without Resort to von Neumann's Projection Postulate

Akio Motoyoshi, K. Yamaguchi, T. Ogura +1 more

Although a quantum teleportation scheme of the type proposed by Bennett et al. is of great interest, it is insufficient from the measurement theoretical point of view. This insufficiency and the conditions for a correct teleportation are discussed. A set of four conditions is proposed for correct teleportation.

Progress of Theoretical Physics•May 1, 1997•7 citations

Bennett et al.'s original article on quantum teleportation did not address explicitly synchronizing the orientation of the local spatial reference frames from and to which teleportaton occurs where the state teleported is spin 1/2 along the z axis. They wrote that only two bits of information need to be conveyed classically where the state to be teleported concerns spin 1/2 along the z axis. That only two bits of information need to be classically conveyed could imply that such synchronization is not needed for it would require more classically conveyed information. A gedankenexperiment is presented regarding the orientation of the local spatial reference frames exploring whether such synchronization is not needed even though it was apparently assumed by Bennett et al. that it was required. It is often assumed that there is an absolute, as opposed to a relative, orientation of objects in space. This assumption should be open to empirical test, especially in view of evidence in psychology that the orientation of objects in space is not absolute.

The difference between proximal and distal stimuli is discussed and an example of the significance of this difference to physics is pointed out in the area of quantum teleportation. In particular, experimental evidence concerning the relative status of the distal stimulus to the observer points toward the relative nature of spatial orientation of objects. In quantum teleportation, this result indicates that the amount of classical information that needs to be transmitted to support the quantum transfer of information may be greater than is expected when the distal stimulus is assumed, as it ordinarily is, to have an absolute orientation in relation to the observer.

We give a tight scheme for teleporting a quantum state between two parties whose reference frames are misaligned by an action of a finite symmetry group. Unlike previously proposed schemes, ours requires no additional tokens or data to be passed between the participants; the same amount of classical information is transferred as for ordinary quantum teleportation, and the Hilbert space of the entangled resource is of the same size. In the terminology of Peres and Scudo, our protocol relies on classical communication of unspeakable information.

Recent advances in our understanding of foundations of quantum mechanics have shown that information can be made objective through quantum states. Such objectification processes, predicted e.g. in a variety of quantum open systems, must accompany any realistic quantum-to-classical transition mechanism in order to reproduce the objective character of the classical limit of our world. However, so far only examples of simple, unstructured information, such as a value of an observable, have been studied. In this work we show that a more complicated form of information, given by a Cartesian reference frame, can also be made (at least partially) objective in quantum mechanics. The non-trivial internal gauge structure of reference frames, given by the transformation group, leads to a more general form of objectivity, where all observers see the same but modulo their relative orientations, like it happens in modern understanding of geometry. This opens a way to extend quantum objectivity beyond simple scenarios and possibly link it to the foundations of modern geometry.

Thus far I have been primarily concerned with how an interpretation of quantum mechanics might, or might not, be local. This question is traditionally not sharply distinguished from the question of whether quantum mechanics is consistent with the theory of relativity. However, the two questions are indeed quite distinct, and should be recognized as such explicitly. The theory of relativity What does relativity require? As a first approximation, we may make the distinction by noting that the requirements of the theory of relativity are themselves unclear. Minimally, relativity seems to require that there be no way to distinguish one reference frame from another – i.e., that there be no experimental procedure that can determine which of two inertial observers is ‘really’ moving, or more generally that there be no way to discover an observer's absolute velocity. Most authors are willing to find in (special) relativity a stronger requirement: namely, Lorentz-invariance. They say that relativity requires that in fact there is no such thing as absolute velocity. This requirement goes beyond the minimum – it might be that there is an absolute rest frame (so that absolute velocities are given by motion relative to this frame) while there is no way to find it. (As I will discuss in chapter 9, exactly this situation occurs in Bohm's theory.)

The purity of a reduced state for spins that is pure in the rest frame will most likely appear to degrade because spin and momentum become mixed when viewed by a moving observer. We show that such a boost-induced decrease in spin purity observed in a moving reference frame is intrinsically related to the spatial localization properties of the wave package observed in the rest frame. Furthermore, we prove that, for any localized pure state with separable spin and momentum in the rest frame, its reduced density matrix for spins inevitably appears to be mixed whenever viewed from a moving reference frame.