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arXiv:nucl-ex/0703029 · Physical Review C

Dressed spin of He3

Andrea Esler, J. C. Peng, Danielle E. Chandler, D. Howell, S. K. Lamoreaux, Chen-Yu Liu, Justin R. Torgerson

Published Nov 8, 2007• 14 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report a measurement of dressed spin effects of polarized $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ atoms from a cold atomic source traversing a region of a constant magnetic field ${B}_{0}$ and a transverse oscillatory dressing field ${B}_{d}\mathrm{cos}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{d}t$. The observed effects are compared with a numerical simulation using the Bloch equation as well as a calculation based on the dressed atom formalism. An application of the dressed spin of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ for a proposed neutron electric dipole moment measurement is also discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physrevc.76.051302

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We report a measurement of dressed spin effects of polarized 3He^{3}\mathrm{He}3He atoms from a cold atomic source traversing a region of a constant magnetic field B0{B}_{0}B0​ and a transverse oscillatory dressing field Bdcos\ensuremathωdt{B}_{d}\mathrm{cos}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{d}tBd​cos\ensuremathωd​t. The observed effects are compared with a numerical simulation using the Bloch equation as well as a calculation based on the dressed atom formalism. An application of the dressed spin of 3He^{3}\mathrm{He}3He for a proposed neutron electric dipole moment measurement is also discussed.
We have performed high-precision experimental measurements of spin precession using a dressed 3{}^{3}3He atomic beam. Spin dressing uses an oscillating magnetic field that is both detuned to high frequency and orthogonal to a static magnetic field to effectively change the gyromagnetic ratio of a spin. We verify the validity of the spin-dressing Hamiltonian in regions beyond the limiting solution in which the Larmor frequency is much smaller than the frequency of the dressing field. We also evaluate the effect of magnetic field misalignment, i.e. if the oscillating magnetic field is not orthogonal to the static magnetic field. Modulation of the dressing-field parameters is also discussed, with a focus on whether such a modulation can be approximated merely as a time-dependent, dressed gyromagnetic ratio. Furthermore, we discuss implications for a proposed search for the neutron electric dipole moment, which would employ spin dressing to make the effective 3{}^{3}3He and neutron magnetic moments equal.
We report a measurement of the modification of the effective precession frequency of polarized 3{}^{3}3He atoms in response to a dressing field in a room-temperature cell. The 3{}^{3}3He atoms were polarized using the metastability spin-exchange method. An oscillating dressing field was then applied perpendicular to the constant magnetic field. Modification of the 3{}^{3}3He effective precession frequency was observed over a broad range of the amplitude and frequency of the dressing field. The observed effects are compared with calculations based on quantum optics formalism.
The neutron electric dipole moment experiment at the Spallation Neutron Source (nEDM@SNS experiment) proposes to measure the nEDM using the spin-dependent capture cross section of neutrons on 3He^{3}\mathrm{He}3He. The critical dressing mode of this experiment uses an oscillating magnetic field to dress the gyromagnetic ratios of neutrons and 3He^{3}\mathrm{He}3He to the same value. While this technique grants increased sensitivity to the nEDM by improving the signal-to-noise ratio, this mode of measurement also introduces additional noise from the power supply used to drive the dressing field. This can lead to randomly fluctuating magnetic fields which cause the spins of neutrons and 3He^{3}\mathrm{He}3He to drift apart over time. Here we use second-order time-dependent perturbation theory to compute relaxation and frequency shifts due to fluctuations in the dressing field in terms of the magnetic field noise power spectrum and compare these calculations to numerical solutions obtained by integrating the Bloch equations. We then use these results to develop mitigation strategies for this type of noise. Furthermore, we report on spin dressing modulation techniques that significantly amplify coherence times for the critically dressed system, and attempt to quantify the achievable coherence time.
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The nEDM experiment at Oak Ridge’s Spallation Neutron Source will probe for an electric dipole moment of the neutron at an unprecedented level of sensitivity. Polarized 3He atoms dressed by a radio-frequency field are a crucial component. For field parameters comparable to the parameters being used in the nEDM experiment, numerical studies using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta solver reveal inadequacies in earlier analyses of 3He spin dynamics. It’s seen that neutron absorption is influenced by avoided level-crossings omitted previously. Also, the critical dressing condition, used to eliminate effects of the static magnetic field, requires modification. First-order perturbative corrections to eigenstates and third-order corrections to eigenenergies are needed to account for the impact of avoided level-crossings and the changes in the critical dressing condition, respectively.