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arXiv:nlin/0608003

Chaos, Fractal and Quantum Poincare Recurrences in Diamagnetic Kepler Problem

A. Ugulava, L. Chotorlishvili, Tamaz Kereselidze, V. Skrinnikov

Published Aug 1, 2006• 0 citations
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Abstract

The statistics of quantum Poincare recurrences in Hilbert space for diamagnetic hydrogen atom in strong magnetic field has been investigated. It has been shown that quantities characterizing classical chaos are in a good agreement with the ones that are used to describe quantum chaos. The equality of classical and quantum Poincare recurrences has been shown. It has been proved that one of the signs of the emergence of quantum chaos is the irreversible transition from a pure quantum mechanical state to the mixed one.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.nlin/0608003

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The statistics of quantum Poincare recurrences in Hilbert space for diamagnetic hydrogen atom in strong magnetic field has been investigated. It has been shown that quantities characterizing classical chaos are in a good agreement with the ones that are used to describe quantum chaos. The equality of classical and quantum Poincare recurrences has been shown. It has been proved that one of the signs of the emergence of quantum chaos is the irreversible transition from a pure quantum mechanical state to the mixed one.
An analytical consideration of quantum walks in the Hilbert space is suggested for dynamical systems. It is shown that in the semiclassical limit, statistics of the quantum recurrences relates to statistics of the Poincare recurrences of the classical counterpart. It is shown that the statistics of the quantum recurrences is sensitive to the statistics of the corresponding quantum spectrum. The difference in the statistics of quantum recurrences in the Hilbert space for the chaotic and integrable systems follows from the essential difference between the level statistics of integrable and chaotic systems. In particular, when the integrable part of the phase space emerges due to bifurcation, and the exponential distribution of the Poincar´e recurrences of chaotic trajectories is changed into the power law, the statistics of the quantum walks in the Hilbert space follows exactly its classical counterpart.
Does quantum chaos exist?If it exists, what is it?If it does not, what was it supposed to have been?Why should we associate chaos with a "third revolution in physics" if it fails to be expressible in terms of quantum mechanics, our most fundamental theory of physical reality?Is there something wrong with quantum mechanics?Or is chaos merely a mathematical construct relevant only for models in classical mechanics?Is the human mind doomed to interpret and understand quantum mechanics in classical terms?The list of unanswered questions in quantum chaos research itself shows symptoms of the phenomenon it attempts to grasp. 1 How do we recognize classical Hamiltonian chaos?We have dealt with this question in our two previous columns.2,3 In Part I we discussed the implications of integrability and non-integrability for the phase-space trajectories of classical Hamiltonian systems with two degrees of freedom.We described the method of Poincaré surfaces of section as a convenient and striking discriminant between the two possibilities.In Part II we searched for an alternate mode of representation for classical Hamiltonian systems, a mode that is an equally powerful indicator of chaos, but one that can be more directly translated into quantum mechanics than the Poincaré map.We proposed a representation based on the construction of classical invariants via time averages of dynamical variables, a representation that can be employed under very general circumstances including integrable and nonintegrable models.In this column we shall construct quantum invariants, demonstrate the impact of non-integrability on these quantities, and discuss their properties in relation to their classical counterparts.In a future column we intend to introduce quantum Poincaré surfaces of section for stationary states and bring full circle our survey of quantum and classical Hamiltonian chaos.Consider a quantized integrable model.Its eigenstates are labeled by quantum numbers.There are as many quantum numbers as there are degrees of freedom.Each quantum number represents a quantized action.In the still evolving language of quantum chaos, quantum numbers are said to have been "lost" in the transition from a quantum system whose classical counterpart is integrable to one whose counterpart is chaotic.The broken, or lost, tori of classical chaos become lost quantum numbers of quantum chaos.As we shall see, the loss of quantum numbers is vividly mirrored in the behavior of the quantum invariants.We begin by describing the construction of the quantum invariants for a
The pendulum is the simplest system having all the basic properties inherent in dynamic stochastic systems. In the present paper we investigate the pendulum with the aim to reveal the properties of a quantum analogue of dynamic stochasticity or, in other words, to obtain the basic properties of quantum chaos. It is shown that a periodic perturbation of the quantum pendulum (similarly to the classical one) in the neighborhood of the separatrix can bring about irreversible phenomena. As a result of recurrent passages between degenerate states, the system gets self-chaotized and passes from the pure state to the mixed one. Chaotization involves the states, the branch points of whose levels participate in a slow "drift" of the system along the Mathieu characteristics this "drift" being caused by a slowly changing variable field. Recurrent relations are obtained for populations of levels participating in the irreversible evolution process. It is shown that the entropy of the system first grows and, after reaching the equilibrium state, acquires a constant value.
How does the existence of chaos in classical dynamics affect the quantum spectrum of the system? The atom in a magnetic field is a prototype of systems where complete classical and quantal calculations are possible. Transition from regular to chaotic trajectories are linked quantally to the progressive breaking of some peculiar symmetries of the system. We propose a method and its experimental realization on lithium atom to clearly see a transition between regularity and chaos on a quantum spectrum by selecting the starting state of the excitation. In addition, experimental and calculated spectra on hydrogen shows a remarkably good agreement.
The emergence of chaos in an atom-field system is studied employing both semiclassical and numerical quantum techniques, taking advantage of the algebraic character of the Hamiltonian. A semiclassical Hamiltonian is obtained by considering the expectation value of the quantum Hamiltonian in Glauber (for the field) and Bloch (for the atoms) coherent states. Regular and chaotic regions are identified by looking at the Poincaré sections for different energies and parameter values. An analytical expression for the semiclassical energy density of states is obtained by integrating the available phase space, which provides an exact unfolding to extract the fluctuations in the level statistics. Quantum chaos is recognized in these fluctuations, as a function of the coupling strength, for different regions in the energy spectrum, evaluating the Anderson–Darling (A–D) parameter, which distinguishes the Wigner- or Poisson-like distributions. Peres lattices play a role similar to the Poincaré section for quantum states. They are calculated employing efficient numerical solutions and are a powerful visual tool to identify individual states belonging to a regular or chaotic region, classified by utilizing the Poincaré sections and the A–D parameter. Finally, the quantum Husimi function for selected excited states is shown to have a noticeable similitude with the Poincaré sections at the same energy.
Using a dynamical signature proposed earlier from our laboratory, quantum chaos in He atom interacting with strong, oscillating magnetic fields has been studied through a comparison between the nonlinear divergence of two neighbouring Ehrenfest ‘phase-space’ (EPS) trajectories differing slightly in initial conditions and the Loschmidt echo. The dynamical EPS signature can detect quantum chaos independently of the Loschmidt echo and in agreement with the latter, even for low-lying states, in the same spirit as that of classical chaos. This time-dependent signature extends the concept of quantum chaos to systems which have no classical counterparts and brings the concept of quantum chaos closer to that of classical chaos.