Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:nlin/0508025

Foundations of Nonlinear Dynamics or Real Dynamics, Ideal Dynamics, Unpredictable Dynamics and the "Schroedinger's Cat Paradox"

Oleg Kupervasser

Published Aug 18, 2005• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The paper discusses the basic paradoxes of thermodynamics and quantum mechanics. The approaches to solution of these paradoxes are suggested. The first one relies on the influence of the external observer (environment), which disrupts the correlations in the system. The second one is based on the limits of self-knowledge of the system in case of both the external observer and the environment is included in the considered system. The concepts of Real Dynamics, Ideal Dynamics, and Unpredictable dynamics are introduced. The phenomenon of Life is contemplated from the point of view of these Dynamics.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.nlin/0508025

Related papers

The Universal Arrow of Time is a Key for the Solution of the Basic Physical Paradoxes

Oleg Kupervasser

The modern classical statistical physics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics and gravity theory are developed and well-known theories. The described theories are developed and well studied for a long time. Nevertheless, it contains a number of paradoxes. It forces many scientists to doubt internal consistency of these theories. However, the given paradoxes can be resolved within the framework of the existing physics, without introduction of new laws. Further, in this paper we discuss the paradoxes underlying classical statistical physics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, and non-quantum and quantum gravities. We suggest the approaches to solution of these paradoxes on basis universal arrow of time. The first one relies on the influence of the external observer (environment), which disrupts the correlations in the system and results in time arrows alignment. The basis of the second one is the limits of self-knowledge of the system in case of the observed system; the external observer and the environment are included in the considered system. We introduce the concepts of observable dynamics, ideal dynamics, and unpredictable dynamics. We contemplate the phenomenon of complex (living) systems from the point of view of these dynamics. Perspectives of practical use of Unpredictable systems for artificial intellect are considered. c Chapter 1. The Universal Arrow of Time: Classical Mechanics. Abstract: Solution of paradox for the entropy increase in reversible systems. Statistical physics cannot explain why the thermodynamic time arrow does exist un- less very special and so it postulates unnatural initial conditions. However, we are ready to state that statistical physics is able to explain why the thermodynamic time arrow is

•Jan 1, 2013•8 citations

Base of nonlinear dynamics or Real Dynamics, Ideal Dynamics, Unpredictable Dynamics and "Schrodinger cat"

Oleg Kupervasser

In the paper paradoxes underlying thermodynamics and a quantum mechanics are discussed. Their solution is given from the point of view of influence of the exterior observer (surrounding medium) destroying correlations of system, or boundedness of self-knowledge of system in a case when both the observer, and a surrounding medium are included in system. Concepts Real Dynamics, Ideal Dynamics and Unpredictable Dynamics are entered. Consideration an appearance of a life is given from the point of view of these three Dynamics.

arXiv:nlin/0407033•Jul 14, 2004•6 citations

Basic Paradoxes of Statistical Classical Physics and Quantum Mechanics

Oleg Kupervasser

Statistical classical mechanics and quantum mechanics are developed and well-known theories that represent a basis for modern physics. Statistical classical mechanics enable the derivation of the properties of large bodies by investigating the movements of small atoms and molecules which comprise these bodies using Newton's classical laws. Quantum mechanics defines the laws of movement of small particles at small atomic distances by considering them as probability waves. The laws of quantum mechanics are described by the Schrödinger equation. The laws of such movements are significantly different from the laws of movement of large bodies, such as planets or stones. The two described theories are well known and have been well studied. As these theories contain numerous paradoxes, many scientists doubt their internal consistencies. However, these paradoxes can be resolved within the framework of the existing physics without the introduction of new laws. To clarify the paper for the inexperienced reader, we include certain necessary basic concepts of statistical physics and quantum mechanics in this paper without the use of formulas. Exact formulas and explanations are included in the Appendices. The text is supplemented by illustrations to enhance the understanding of the paper. The paradoxes underlying thermodynamics and quantum mechanics are also discussed. The approaches to the solutions of these paradoxes are suggested. The first approach is dependent on the influence of the external observer (environment), which disrupts the correlations in the system. The second approach is based on the limits of the self-knowledge of the system for the case in which both the external observer and the environment are included in the considered system. The concepts of observable dynamics, ideal dynamics, and unpredictable dynamics are introduced. The phenomenon of complex (living) systems is contemplated from the point of view of these dynamics.

arXiv:0911.2076•Universal Journal of Physics and Application•Nov 1, 2013•10 citations

Quantum mechanics: new experiments, new applications, and new formulations of old questions

Михаил Борисович Менский

Some of the quantum mechanical conceptual problems, their current status, and related theoretical developments are reviewed. The characteristics of the entangled quantum states are analyzed, and new experiments and quantum information applications involving such states are discussed. The well-known paradox of Schroedinger's cat (the impossibility of observing superpositions of macroscopically distinct states that are predicted by quantum mechanics) is discussed. It is shown that decoherence (arising when a quantum system is measured in such a way that some information about its state is recorded in its environment) prevents the distinguishing of a superposition and the corresponding mixture. This overcomes the difficulties associated with the paradoxical nature of quantum measurement provided we remain within the framework of the theory of open systems. Other conceptual difficulties, while actually lying outside physics, are now the subject of much research and have already led to new interesting interpretations of quantum mechanics. The suggestion of Wigner and others that the observer's consciousness be included in the theory of quantum measurement is discussed in this context. A hypothesis is put forward which might enable the functioning of consciousness to be described in quantum measurement terms.

Physics-Uspekhi•Jun 30, 2000•69 citations

A quantum approach to thermodynamics

Jochen Gemmer B

Since the days of Boltzmann the foundation of thermodynamics has been subject to an ongoing discussion. Various problems like the precise definition of entropy, the origin of the second law, etc. have always been issues. For a long time the discussion has not been in the center of interest, for statistical physics work extremely well from a practical point of view. But now, as research deals with single small objects like molecules or atoms, the question arises whether or not thermodynamics are applicable to them, which leads back to the old question of the foundation of thermodynamics. We examine whether thermodynamics can be viewed as emerging from Schrödinger-type quantum dynamics. Therefore we partially transfer concepts of thermodynamical behavior in Gamma-space to the Hilbertspace of compound systems. Central roles play the local Von Neumann entropy of a system and the inevitability of entanglement with its environment, causing it to increase.

•Jan 1, 2003•2 citations

Measurement Problem

Gennaro Auletta, Shang-Yung Wang

In this chapter we shall consider one of the most difficult problems of quantum mechanics, that is, how it is possible that we have a dynamics ruled by a reversible equation but we obtain random irreversible events when measuring. Many different interpretations have been provided for solving this puzzle. We will discuss some of them by starting with the von Neumann’s projection postulate, one of the first attempts to address the measurement problem and its implications. The role played by the environment in the concept of measurement is then emphasized. We shall also introduce entropy as a measure of the average information content. Finally, the famous Schro¨dinger’s cat paradox will be examined.

•Jun 20, 2014•0 citations
The paper discusses the basic paradoxes of thermodynamics and quantum mechanics. The approaches to solution of these paradoxes are suggested. The first one relies on the influence of the external observer (environment), which disrupts the correlations in the system. The second one is based on the limits of self-knowledge of the system in case of both the external observer and the environment is included in the considered system. The concepts of Real Dynamics, Ideal Dynamics, and Unpredictable dynamics are introduced. The phenomenon of Life is contemplated from the point of view of these Dynamics.
The modern classical statistical physics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics and gravity theory are developed and well-known theories. The described theories are developed and well studied for a long time. Nevertheless, it contains a number of paradoxes. It forces many scientists to doubt internal consistency of these theories. However, the given paradoxes can be resolved within the framework of the existing physics, without introduction of new laws. Further, in this paper we discuss the paradoxes underlying classical statistical physics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, and non-quantum and quantum gravities. We suggest the approaches to solution of these paradoxes on basis universal arrow of time. The first one relies on the influence of the external observer (environment), which disrupts the correlations in the system and results in time arrows alignment. The basis of the second one is the limits of self-knowledge of the system in case of the observed system; the external observer and the environment are included in the considered system. We introduce the concepts of observable dynamics, ideal dynamics, and unpredictable dynamics. We contemplate the phenomenon of complex (living) systems from the point of view of these dynamics. Perspectives of practical use of Unpredictable systems for artificial intellect are considered. c Chapter 1. The Universal Arrow of Time: Classical Mechanics. Abstract: Solution of paradox for the entropy increase in reversible systems. Statistical physics cannot explain why the thermodynamic time arrow does exist un- less very special and so it postulates unnatural initial conditions. However, we are ready to state that statistical physics is able to explain why the thermodynamic time arrow is
In the paper paradoxes underlying thermodynamics and a quantum mechanics are discussed. Their solution is given from the point of view of influence of the exterior observer (surrounding medium) destroying correlations of system, or boundedness of self-knowledge of system in a case when both the observer, and a surrounding medium are included in system. Concepts Real Dynamics, Ideal Dynamics and Unpredictable Dynamics are entered. Consideration an appearance of a life is given from the point of view of these three Dynamics.
Statistical classical mechanics and quantum mechanics are developed and well-known theories that represent a basis for modern physics. Statistical classical mechanics enable the derivation of the properties of large bodies by investigating the movements of small atoms and molecules which comprise these bodies using Newton's classical laws. Quantum mechanics defines the laws of movement of small particles at small atomic distances by considering them as probability waves. The laws of quantum mechanics are described by the Schrödinger equation. The laws of such movements are significantly different from the laws of movement of large bodies, such as planets or stones. The two described theories are well known and have been well studied. As these theories contain numerous paradoxes, many scientists doubt their internal consistencies. However, these paradoxes can be resolved within the framework of the existing physics without the introduction of new laws. To clarify the paper for the inexperienced reader, we include certain necessary basic concepts of statistical physics and quantum mechanics in this paper without the use of formulas. Exact formulas and explanations are included in the Appendices. The text is supplemented by illustrations to enhance the understanding of the paper. The paradoxes underlying thermodynamics and quantum mechanics are also discussed. The approaches to the solutions of these paradoxes are suggested. The first approach is dependent on the influence of the external observer (environment), which disrupts the correlations in the system. The second approach is based on the limits of the self-knowledge of the system for the case in which both the external observer and the environment are included in the considered system. The concepts of observable dynamics, ideal dynamics, and unpredictable dynamics are introduced. The phenomenon of complex (living) systems is contemplated from the point of view of these dynamics.
Some of the quantum mechanical conceptual problems, their current status, and related theoretical developments are reviewed. The characteristics of the entangled quantum states are analyzed, and new experiments and quantum information applications involving such states are discussed. The well-known paradox of Schroedinger's cat (the impossibility of observing superpositions of macroscopically distinct states that are predicted by quantum mechanics) is discussed. It is shown that decoherence (arising when a quantum system is measured in such a way that some information about its state is recorded in its environment) prevents the distinguishing of a superposition and the corresponding mixture. This overcomes the difficulties associated with the paradoxical nature of quantum measurement provided we remain within the framework of the theory of open systems. Other conceptual difficulties, while actually lying outside physics, are now the subject of much research and have already led to new interesting interpretations of quantum mechanics. The suggestion of Wigner and others that the observer's consciousness be included in the theory of quantum measurement is discussed in this context. A hypothesis is put forward which might enable the functioning of consciousness to be described in quantum measurement terms.
Since the days of Boltzmann the foundation of thermodynamics has been subject to an ongoing discussion. Various problems like the precise definition of entropy, the origin of the second law, etc. have always been issues. For a long time the discussion has not been in the center of interest, for statistical physics work extremely well from a practical point of view. But now, as research deals with single small objects like molecules or atoms, the question arises whether or not thermodynamics are applicable to them, which leads back to the old question of the foundation of thermodynamics. We examine whether thermodynamics can be viewed as emerging from Schrödinger-type quantum dynamics. Therefore we partially transfer concepts of thermodynamical behavior in Gamma-space to the Hilbertspace of compound systems. Central roles play the local Von Neumann entropy of a system and the inevitability of entanglement with its environment, causing it to increase.
In this chapter we shall consider one of the most difficult problems of quantum mechanics, that is, how it is possible that we have a dynamics ruled by a reversible equation but we obtain random irreversible events when measuring. Many different interpretations have been provided for solving this puzzle. We will discuss some of them by starting with the von Neumann’s projection postulate, one of the first attempts to address the measurement problem and its implications. The role played by the environment in the concept of measurement is then emphasized. We shall also introduce entropy as a measure of the average information content. Finally, the famous Schro¨dinger’s cat paradox will be examined.